Nodes and TI-RADS
Each node is described according to the international TI-RADS scale: benign signs (spongy structure, smooth contours) versus suspicious (hypoechogenicity, vertical orientation, microcalcifications, uneven edges) - the need for a puncture biopsy depends on the category (usually TI-RADS 4–5 or 3 more than 2.5 cm). A diffuse decrease in echogenicity with “pseudonodules” is characteristic of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and increased blood flow is characteristic of thyrotoxicosis. The result is assessed by an endocrinologist along with hormones (TSH, T4, antibodies); Most nodules are benign and require only monitoring once a year.
Indications
- thyroid nodules and enlargement, TSH changes;
- lumps and pain in the mammary gland, screening up to 40 years of age;
- enlarged lymph nodes of the neck, axillary and groin areas;
- soft tissue formations, groin hernias;
- fluid in the pleural cavity (pleurisy, hydrothorax).
Why ultrasound
Ultrasound is a safe imaging method without radiation: suitable for children, pregnant women and for repeated monitoring. The doctor sees organs in real time, assesses their structure, size and blood flow (in Doppler mode), and a conclusion with measurements is issued immediately after the study. The information content depends on the training and experience of the specialist; In the clinics below, ultrasound examinations are performed by ultrasound diagnostic doctors using expert-class devices.
