Embryology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение

Infertility in a couple is said to occur when pregnancy does not occur within a year of regular sexual activity without contraception. In approximately half of such cases, a male factor is detected, either as the sole cause or in combination with a female factor. At the same time, examining a man is simpler, faster and cheaper than a woman’s, so it makes sense to start with him - with a spermogram.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder in which ovulation is disrupted, the level of male sex hormones increases and many small follicles accumulate in the ovaries. This is one of the most common causes of irregular cycles and infertility in women. It is important to understand: PCOS is not a “cyst that needs to be removed,” but a systemic metabolic condition, and the main treatment here is not surgical.

Azoospermia is the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. For a man, this sounds like a death sentence, but in reality, the diagnosis only means the beginning of the examination, and not its end. The key question is why there are no sperm: because they are not produced or because they are formed but cannot be released. Both treatment and the chances of becoming a biological father, which in modern conditions a significant proportion of such men have, depend on the answer.

Infertility is said to occur when pregnancy does not occur within a year of regular sexual activity without contraception, and after 35 years - within six months. This is not a verdict or a diagnosis of one person: in approximately a third of cases the cause is female, in a third male, and in the remaining cases it is combined or unclear. Therefore, the examination of a couple always proceeds in parallel, and it begins, contrary to common practice, with a spermogram of the partner as the simplest step.

Pathospermia is a general name for changes in the spermogram: a decrease in the concentration of sperm, their motility or the proportion of normal forms. Having received a conclusion with incomprehensible terms, a man usually gets scared and starts looking for answers on the Internet. Meanwhile, the first thing you need to know: one bad analysis does not prove anything. Sperm counts fluctuate, and decisions are made on at least two tests at intervals of several weeks.