What do the terms in the conclusion mean?
- Normozoospermia - all indicators are within reference values
- Oligozoospermia - reduced sperm concentration
- Asthenozoospermia - reduced mobility
- Teratozoospermia - reduced proportion of sperm of normal structure
- Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is a combination of all three abnormalities; common
- Cryptozoospermia - single sperm detected only after centrifugation
- Azoospermia - sperm are completely absent
- Necrozoospermia - sperm are present but not alive
- Aspermia - no ejaculate at all
- Leukospermia - increased number of white blood cells, a sign of inflammation
Ключевое, что стоит понимать о референсных значениях: они получены при обследовании мужчин, чьи партнёрши забеременели в течение года. Это не граница между «здоров» и «бесплоден», а статистический ориентир. Показатели ниже нормы означают сниженную вероятность зачатия за цикл, а не его невозможность.
Why does one analysis solve nothing?
- Sperm counts naturally fluctuate from test to test in the same man
- Previous fever or cold worsens sperm count for up to three months
- Abstinence that is too short or too long distorts the results
- Stress, lack of sleep, intense exercise affect performance
- The quality of the analysis highly depends on the laboratory and the qualifications of the specialist.
- Irregularities in sample collection and transportation produce false results.
Therefore, in case of deviations, the analysis is repeated after a few weeks, following the preparation rules. Only the matching results of two studies give reason to talk about pathospermia.
How to take a spermogram correctly
- Половое воздержание от двух до семи дней — не меньше и не больше
- Не сдавать во время болезни, при температуре и в течение нескольких недель после
- Исключить алкоголь за несколько дней
- Отказаться от бани, сауны, горячей ванны за неделю до анализа
- Сдавать образец в лаборатории, а не привозить of дома, если нет специальных условий
- Сообщить лаборатории, если часть образца была потеряна при сборе
- При отклонениях — повторить анализ через несколько недель, желательно в той же лаборатории
Reasons
- Varicocele is one of the most common and at the same time removable causes
- Overheating: bathhouse, sauna, heated seat, tight underwear, laptop on lap, working in a hot shop
- Infectious and inflammatory diseases: prostatitis, epididymitis, previous STIs
- Hormonal disorders: testosterone deficiency, increased prolactin, thyroid pathology
- Taking anabolic steroids and testosterone drugs is a common and reversible cause
- Smoking, alcohol, drugs
- Obesity and diabetes
- Past mumps with orchitis, history of cryptorchidism
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
- Genetic causes for pronounced deviations
- Antisperm antibodies
- Increased fragmentation of sperm DNA
- Some medications
- Chronic stress and lack of sleep
Additional examination
- Repeated spermogram
- Examination by an andrologist with assessment of testicular volume and identification of varicocele
- Ultrasound of the scrotum with Doppler sonography
- Hormonal profile: FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, TSH
- Screening for sexually transmitted infections
- MAR test for antisperm antibodies
- Sperm DNA fragmentation test - especially in case of IVF failures and miscarriage in a partner
- TRUS for low ejaculate volume and suspected obstruction
- Genetic examination for severe forms: karyotype, AZF microdeletions
- Glucose, lipids, complete blood count
Treatment and what to do yourself
- Microsurgical varicocelectomy for clinically significant varicocele and abnormal spermogram
- Treatment of identified infections and inflammatory diseases
- Correction of hormonal disorders under test control
- Complete withdrawal of anabolic steroids and testosterone drugs
- Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol
- Losing body weight if you are overweight
- Avoiding overheating of the scrotum
- Normalization of sleep and reduction of stress
- A nutritious diet with enough vegetables, fish, nuts
- Antioxidant therapy for increased DNA fragmentation - as an addition to the main treatment
- Regular sex life: the optimal frequency is every other day or two during the period of ovulation in the partner
- Assisted reproductive technologies when treatment is ineffective or when there are significant changes
О сроках: полный цикл созревания сперматозоидов занимает около семидесяти дней. Поэтому оценивать эффект лечения или изменения образа жизни раньше чем через три месяца бессмысленно — анализ просто отразит состояние сперматогенеза до вмешательства.
What is important for a couple to remember?
- A bad spermogram does not equal infertility: pregnancy is possible even with reduced levels
- Both partners should undergo the examination at the same time, and not in turn.
- The age of the partner is a significant factor influencing the choice of tactics and timing
- If there are pronounced changes, you should not undergo conservative treatment for years: modern reproductive technologies are effective
- Sperm cryopreservation is reasonable before chemotherapy, surgery, and in cases of progressive deterioration.
- The psychological burden during the examination is great - supporting each other is as important as treatment
Where to get examined in Tashkent
We need a laboratory that performs a spermogram according to modern standards, an ultrasound of the scrotum with Doppler, and an appointment with an andrologist.
In Tashkent, such examination and surgical treatment of varicocele is carried out at the UROLOGIC COMPLEX medical center and at the Tashkent Medical Park clinic; reproductive programs are implemented jointly with reproductive specialists.
If you get a bad result, do not draw conclusions based on one analysis. Retake it after a few weeks, following the preparation rules, and come to the andrologist with two results. Clinic contacts are below.
