Bacteriology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение

Sore throat, or acute tonsillitis, is an inflammation of the tonsils. The main practical question for a sore throat is not “what to gargle with,” but “what kind of sore throat is it?” The vast majority of cases are caused by viruses and go away on their own, and antibiotics are useless. But in about every fifth adult, and more often in children, the cause is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus - and it is this that can cause complications in the heart, joints and kidneys. It is possible to distinguish them, and for this there is a simple test that takes a few minutes.

Cystitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. It is manifested by pain when urinating, frequent and painful urges and a feeling that the bladder is never completely emptied. In women, cystitis occurs many times more often due to the short and wide urethra, located close to the intestines. In men, cystitis is almost always secondary - behind it lies another problem that needs to be found.

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue. Unlike cystitis, this is already a lesion of the upper urinary tract: with high fever, chills and lower back pain. The form in which inflammation develops against the background of a kidney blocked by a stone is especially dangerous - here the clock is ticking, and antibiotics alone cannot do it: first you need to restore the flow of urine.

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and at the same time one of the most “silent”: a significant proportion of those infected do not have any symptoms at all. That is why it is often detected already at the stage of examination for infertility or chronic inflammation. The good news is that if detected early, chlamydia can be reliably cured with a short course of antibiotics.

Gonorrhea is an infection caused by gonococcus, one of the most well-known sexually transmitted diseases. In men, it usually manifests itself clearly: profuse purulent discharge and pain when urinating a few days after contact. In women, on the contrary, it often occurs secretly. The main modern problem of gonorrhea is the growing resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics, due to which self-medication has become truly dangerous.