Cardiology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение
74 заболевания · 48 clinics · page 7 of 8
Atrial flutter
Atrial flutter is a rhythm disorder in which the impulse circles in a large loop inside the atrium, causing it to contract very quickly and regularly. Only a portion of the impulses reach the ventricles, so the pulse most often remains rhythmic, but high: about 150 beats per minute when carried out two to one. Complaints can be vivid - palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness - or they can be almost absent, especially if the frequency is low. Flutter is a close relative of atrial fibrillation: they often become one another and carry the same risk of blood clots in the atrium and subsequent stroke. Therefore, treatment always includes two questions: how to restore or control the rhythm and how to protect against thromboembolism.
МКБ-10: I48.3, I48.4 8 clinics
Tricuspid insufficiency
Tricuspid regurgitation is a condition in which the leaflets of the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle do not close completely, and some of the blood returns back during contraction. Minimal and mild regurgitation occurs in most healthy people and is considered normal: it is visible on modern echocardiography and does not need to be treated. The problem becomes a pronounced reverse flow, in which the right parts of the heart are overloaded, stretched, and blood stagnates in the veins. Then swelling of the legs, heaviness in the right hypochondrium, bloating and shortness of breath appear. Most often this is a consequence of another heart or lung disease, so the cause is treated.
МКБ-10: I36.1 8 clinics
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a blood clot, which most often comes from the deep veins of the legs. This is one of the most dangerous and at the same time most underdiagnosed conditions: its symptoms are nonspecific - shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat - and are easily mistaken for bronchitis, intercostal neuralgia or panic. The key to timely recognition is not the symptom itself, but the circumstances: sudden shortness of breath after a flight, surgery, prolonged bed rest, or due to swelling of one leg.
МКБ-10: I26 8 clinics
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that grows from cells of the adrenal medulla that produce adrenaline and norepinephrine. The tumor releases these substances into the blood uncontrollably, and the body experiences what happens during severe fright: a sharp rise in blood pressure, palpitations, heavy sweating, headache, pallor, and a feeling of fear. The attack lasts from several minutes to an hour and passes as suddenly as it began. Some people have high blood pressure all the time. A similar tumor outside the adrenal gland is called a paraganglioma. The condition is dangerous due to crises and complications from the heart and blood vessels, but with timely surgery it is most often completely cured.
МКБ-10: D35.0 9 clinics
Chronic cor pulmonale
Chronic cor pulmonale is a change in the right side of the heart caused by long-term disease of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest. In chronic lung disease, part of the vascular bed is destroyed, and the remaining vessels narrow in response to a lack of oxygen. The pressure in the pulmonary artery increases, and the right ventricle has to work against increased resistance. First, its wall thickens, then the cavity expands and the pumping function decreases - swelling of the legs, heaviness in the right hypochondrium and swelling of the neck veins appear. The most common cause is COPD. Treatment is aimed primarily at lung disease.
МКБ-10: I27.9 8 clinics
Heart murmurs in adults
A heart murmur is an additional sound that the doctor hears through a phonendoscope between the usual tones. It occurs when the flow of blood becomes turbulent: due to a narrowed or loose valve, a hole between the chambers of the heart, or simply because the blood is moving faster than usual. Therefore, noise in itself is not a diagnosis, but a reason to look into it. Some murmurs in adults are harmless and are associated with anemia, high fever, pregnancy, or an overactive thyroid gland. The other part indicates a valve defect that over time overloads the heart. Echocardiography, a safe ultrasound examination of the heart, helps differentiate them.
МКБ-10: R01.1 8 clinics
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, a thin two-layer sac within which the heart beats freely. Normally, there is very little liquid between its leaves, and they slide over each other silently. When inflamed, the leaves become rough and rub with each contraction - hence the pain and the characteristic noise that the doctor hears when listening. This disease has a feature that is rare in cardiology: the diagnosis is largely suggested by the patient himself, if he accurately describes how the pain behaves. It intensifies in a lying position and with a deep breath, but when you sit down and lean forward, it noticeably weakens. This does not happen either with a heart attack or with angina, and it is this detail that most often directs the diagnosis in the right direction. The second thing you need to know: in some patients, fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity, and if there is a lot of it, it compresses the heart - a condition requiring emergency care.
МКБ-10: I30 8 clinics
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases in which the heart muscle itself suffers: it either stretches and weakens, or thickens excessively, or loses its ability to relax. The key difference from other heart diseases is that the cause lies in the muscle itself, and not in narrowed arteries, high blood pressure or damaged valves. Hence the main practical feature: cardiomyopathy often first appears in young and apparently absolutely healthy people. It is worth mentioning separately about the hypertrophic form - it is hereditary and remains the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. That is why its detection in one person automatically means the need to examine his close relatives, even if they feel great. And one more thing that is most often asked: the phrase “the heart is enlarged” in the conclusion of an x-ray or ultrasound is not a diagnosis in itself - it requires clarification of what exactly is enlarged and why.
МКБ-10: I42 8 clinics
Extrasystole
Extrasystoles are extraordinary contractions of the heart that occur earlier than the next normal beat. A person feels them in different ways: as a push, somersault, freezing or failure, after which the heart seems to “catch up” with a strong blow. The feeling is frightening, and it is fear, and not the arrhythmia itself, that usually brings the patient to the doctor. Therefore, you need to start with the main thing: extrasystoles are recorded in almost all people if you record a cardiogram during the day, and in a person with a healthy heart they are almost always safe and do not shorten life. What matters is not the fact of their presence or even their quantity, but the state of the heart in which they arise. That is why examination during interruptions is not aimed at “removing extrasystoles”, but at answering one question: is the heart healthy. If the answer is yes, treatment is often not required at all.
МКБ-10: I49.3 8 clinics
Arterial hypotension (low blood pressure)
Pressure below 90/60 is considered low, but this figure in itself is not a diagnosis. The purpose of blood pressure is to supply blood to the brain, heart and kidneys, and if a person with indicators of 95 to 60 is alert, productive and does not experience dizziness, his blood pressure is doing its job, which means there is nothing to treat. Moreover, persistently low blood pressure in young, thin people is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Another distinction is fundamentally important - between pressure that has always been low and pressure that has recently decreased. The first is almost always harmless. The second is a symptom, which could be due to blood loss, a side effect of medications, adrenal or thyroid dysfunction, infection, or a heart problem. A separate and most practically significant situation is a drop in pressure when standing up in older people, because it leads to falls and fractures.
МКБ-10: I95 8 clinics
Clinics Ташкента, где лечат эти заболевания
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· buses: 8, 41
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Birlashgan street, Yashnabad district, Tashkent Landmark: opposite the 4-City Clinical Hos...
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· buses: 18, 30, 44, 49
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🚶 190 m
· buses: 31, 34
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· buses: 2, 11, 12, 40, 45, 47
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🚶 300 m
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· buses: 57
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· buses: 24, 50, 51
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Private · Chilanzar district
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🚶 400 m
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🚶 220 m
· buses: 41
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🚶 30 m
· buses: 1, 17, 25
City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 4 with a cardio-rheumatological profile
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🚶 900 m
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🚶 2.1 km
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🚶 130 m
· buses: 5, 11, 23, 28, 29
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🚶 320 m
· buses: 5, 11, 23, 28, 29
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State · Mirzo-Ulugbek district
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🚶 850 m
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🚶 140 m
· buses: 2
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🚶 100 m
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· buses: 24, 50, 51
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🚶 2.0 km
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🚶 2.7 km
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🚶 20 m
· buses: 2, 9Т, 13, 17T, 41, 56
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Private · Almazar district
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🚶 500 m
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🚶 190 m
· buses: 31, 34
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🚶 750 m
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· buses: 28, 44, 46, 57
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· buses: 43, 51
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· buses: 20, 27, 35, 46, 53
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· buses: 5
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🚶 450 m
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· buses: 18, 38, 55, 58
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🚶 2.4 km
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🚶 2.4 km
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· buses: 48
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🚶 1.1 km
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· buses: 28
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· buses: 34
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🚶 3.2 km
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🚶 3.2 km
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🚶 3.6 km
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· buses: 13, 17T, 33
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🚶 1.3 km
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🚶 150 m
· buses: 13Т, 22, 26
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🚶 130 m
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State · Almazar district
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🚶 700 m
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🚶 1.2 km
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· buses: 8, 41
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🚶 1.4 km
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· buses: 15, 26
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🚶 900 m
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🚶 1.4 km
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🚶 260 m
· buses: 17, 43
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Private · Yakkasaray district
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🚶 2.5 km
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🚶 3.2 km
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🚶 3.3 km
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🚶 370 m
· buses: 9Т
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