Know the enemy by sight
Prevention without composition is fortune telling: urate stones are dissolved by citrates, oxalate stones require their own diet and correction of calcium metabolism, phosphate stones are associated with infection and pH, cystine stones are genetic with a special protocol. Each patient after lithotripsy or surgery in the clinic receives a stone referral for analysis - this is half the protection against recurrent stones (the risk of recurrence without prevention is 50% over 5 years).
When is it appointed?
- pain when urinating, frequent urge - cystitis, urethritis;
- lower back pain, blood in the urine - stones, kidney inflammation;
- control of treatment of urinary tract infections - culture;
- clinical examination and preoperative preparation;
- blood in urine without pain - cytology (oncological alert).
Urine is the mirror of the urinary system
For a urology clinic, urine tests are a daily tool: OAM screens, Nechiporenko specifies latent inflammation and hematuria, culture names the causative agent of cystitis and pyelonephritis with an antibiogram, Zimnitsky evaluates the concentration function of the kidneys, cytology insures against urothelial tumors, and analysis of the composition of the removed stone determines the entire prevention of relapse. Correct collection is half the truth: instruction is required.
