What is colic and what does it look like?
The exact cause of colic has not yet been established, and this should be admitted honestly. Most likely, it is a combination of several factors: the immaturity of the nervous system and its ability to cope with the flow of new sensations, the development of intestinal function and its microflora, and increased sensitivity to common irritants. The word "colic" implies abdominal pain, but there is no conclusive evidence that the baby actually has abdominal pain.
- Begins at 2–3 weeks of life, peaks at approximately 6 weeks, goes away by 3–4 months
- Crying occurs suddenly, for no apparent reason: the child is not hungry, the diaper is dry, he got enough sleep
- Most often, episodes occur in the evening hours, from about 17 to 23
- The child screams loudly and shrilly, clenches his fists, pulls his legs to his stomach, blushes, arches
- The abdomen may be swollen and pass gas frequently; crying often stops after passing gas or stool
- It is difficult to calm down using conventional methods: the baby takes the breast and immediately drops it
- Between episodes the child is completely normal: smiles, eats calmly, sleeps normally during the day
- Weight gain and development are completely age appropriate
How to distinguish colic from illness
This is the most important practical question, and the answer to it is given not by the nature of the crying, but by the condition of the child as a whole.
- With colic, the child between attacks is calm, active, interested in his surroundings - with illness he is constantly lethargic
- With colic, he eats well and gains weight normally - losing weight or stopping the gain eliminates colic
- With colic, there is no fever, no vomiting, no blood in the stool
- Crying during colic has a clear daily pattern, often in the evening; the disease does not choose the time of day
- Colic falls within the age range: up to 2 weeks and after 4–5 months, such crying requires a different explanation
- You should be wary of cow's milk protein intolerance - with a rash, mucus and blood in the stool, regurgitation, poor growth
- Other possible causes of crying: urinary tract infection, ear infection, severe reflux, strangulated hernia, hair stuck around a finger or genitals, corneal scratch
What really helps
There is no universal remedy, and you should accept in advance that some evenings will be difficult in any case. But the following really alleviates the condition of the child and parents.
- Close skin-to-skin contact: carried, slung, or carried—babies who are carried more tend to cry less on average.
- Rhythmic rocking, swaying, walking with a child in your arms
- White noise: hood, hairdryer, special recording - monotonous sound reminiscent of what the baby heard before birth
- Swaddling is for those babies who like it - it limits erratic arm movements
- Position on the stomach on the forearm of an adult, face down, with the head supported; In this case, the child should only sleep on his back
- Warm bath before an evening attack
- Proper breast latch and vertical position 10-15 minutes after feeding to allow air to escape
- Feeding on demand, without maintaining intervals; when feeding with formula, select the correct nipple so that the baby does not swallow air
- Massage the abdomen clockwise and exercise the “bicycle” between attacks, and not during a cry
- Quiet atmosphere in the evening: less guests, light, noise and changing hands
- Quitting smoking in the home - tobacco smoke is significantly associated with more severe colic
It’s worth mentioning separately that it doesn’t always help, but sometimes it’s the key. If, in addition to crying, the child has a rash, mucus or streaks of blood in the stool, frequent regurgitation and poor growth, the doctor may suggest a trial exclusion of dairy products from the nursing mother’s diet for two to three weeks or a change in formula. This is done on the recommendation of a doctor and with a mandatory reverse check: if there is no effect, the products are returned.
What doesn't work and what is better not to do
- Dill water, fennel teas and other herbal remedies - no convincing evidence of effectiveness
- Preparations based on simethicone - in studies they were not superior to a pacifier, although they usually do not harm
- Enzymes, sorbents and courses “for microflora” without a doctor’s prescription
- Frequently changing the mixture at random: it creates more problems than it solves and makes it difficult to understand what is happening
- A strict diet for a nursing mother with the exclusion of dozens of foods has not shown any benefit, and the woman’s nutrition worsens
- Gas tube and enemas as a daily practice - when used regularly, they irritate the mucous membrane and interfere with the formation of one’s own reflex
- Painkillers and any medications “just in case” without a doctor’s examination
- Attempts to “maintain character” and not approach a crying baby - at this age it is impossible to spoil a child with your hands
Parents: how not to burn out
This is almost never discussed at receptions, although this is where the real risk lies. An infant's incessant crying is one of the heaviest stresses on an adult's psyche and is a known precipitant of parental out-of-control episodes.
- Договоритесь о сменах заранее: вечерние часы делятся между взрослыми, чтобы каждый имел паузу.
- Если чувствуете, что на пределе, положите ребёнка на спину в кроватку, выйдите of комнаты и дайте себе несколько минут. В кроватке он в безопасности, даже если плачет.
- Никогда, ни при каких обстоятельствах не трясите ребёнка. Встряхивание младенца вызывает кровоизлияния в мозг и необратимые повреждения — это происходит именно в моменты отчаяния от плача.
- Ешьте и спите урывками, но регулярно; сон в те часы, когда спит ребёнок, важнее уборки.
- Принимайте помощь родственников в бытовых делах, а не только в присмотре за ребёнком.
- Расскажите педиатру о своём состоянии, если чувствуете подавленность, безнадёжность или раздражение на ребёнка — это частая и решаемая ситуация, а не признак плохой матери.
- Помните о конечности периода: пик приходится на 6 недель, дальше становится легче с каждой неделей.
When to go to the doctor and what he will do
- Обязательно — при любом of тревожных признаков: рвота фонтаном, кровь в стуле, температура, потеря веса, вялость между приступами.
- При плаче, который не укладывается в возрастные рамки: начался до 2 недель или продолжается после 4–5 месяцев.
- Если плач сопровождается сыпью, упорными срыгиваниями, слизью в стуле — врач оценит вероятность непереносимости белка коровьего молока.
- Врач взвесит ребёнка и оценит динамику прибавки — это самый информативный показатель.
- Осмотрит полностью: живот, паховые области на предмет грыжи, уши, кожу, пальцы рук и ног.
- Оценит технику кормления и захват груди, при искусственном вскармливании — объём, смесь и соску.
- Анализы при типичных коликах обычно не нужны; их назначают только при подозрении на конкретную проблему, например анализ мочи при необъяснимой лихорадке.