Main types
- Aphthous: round ulcers with a whitish bottom and a red rim, very painful; most often on the inner surface of the cheeks and lips, tongue. Relapse
- Candidiasis: white cheesy coating, removed to expose reddened mucosa; typical in infants, when taking antibiotics and inhaled hormones, in diabetes
- Herpetic: multiple small blisters turning into erosions; often with fever, especially during the first episode in children
- Traumatic: single ulcer at the site of injury - sharp edge of a tooth or filling, cheek bite, denture
- Allergic and contact: reaction to paste, rinse aid, prosthetic materials
При кандидозном стоматите у взрослого без явной причины стоит проверить уровень сахара крови и подумать об иммунодефиците — у здорового взрослого он встречается редко.
What to look for in case of frequent relapses
- Механическая травма: острый край зуба, пломбы, коронки, протеза — самая частая устранимая причина.
- Дефицит железа, витамина B12, фолиевой кислоты — проверяются анализом крови и ферритином.
- Целиакия и воспалительные заболевания кишечника.
- Стресс, гормональные колебания у женщин.
- Зубные пасты с лаурилсульфатом натрия — у части людей провоцируют афты.
- Системные заболевания при сочетании с высыпаниями на коже и половых органах.
Treatment
- Aphthous: local anesthetic gels, agents with an anti-inflammatory component, elimination of the traumatic factor; for severe recurrent forms - treatment as prescribed by a doctor
- Candidiasis: antifungal drugs topically or orally; when using inhaled hormones, be sure to rinse your mouth after inhalation
- Herpetic: antiviral drugs, effective in the first 48–72 hours, pain relief, drinking plenty of fluids
- Traumatic: eliminating the cause - grinding off the sharp edge, adjusting the prosthesis; heals in a few days
- General: soft, non-hot food, excluding spicy, sour, salty foods; rinsing with saline or soda solution
Нельзя прижигать язвы зелёнкой, йодом, спиртом и перекисью — это вызывает химический ожог, углубляет дефект и замедляет заживление. Мёд и другие «народные» средства при кандидозе только усиливают рост грибка.
Stomatitis in children
- Herpetic stomatitis often occurs with high fever; The main task is to prevent dehydration
- Offer cool drinks often and in small portions; non-hot compotes and water are suitable
- The food is soft, cool, without sour or salty foods; ice cream is acceptable and relieves pain
- Pain relief before meals as prescribed by a doctor
- Do not share dishes and towels - herpetic stomatitis is contagious
- See a doctor immediately if your child refuses to drink, urinates rarely, or is lethargic—signs of dehydration