Bleeding gums, gingivitis and periodontitis - treatment in Tashkent

Other names: Гингивит, пародонтит, пародонтоз, кровоточивость дёсен, зубной камень

Bleeding gums when brushing is not normal and not a “too hard brush.” This is the first sign of gingivitis, inflammation of the gums due to the accumulation of plaque. Gingivitis is completely reversible: it goes away within 1–2 weeks after professional cleaning and improved hygiene. But if you ignore it, the inflammation goes deeper and develops into periodontitis - the destruction of the ligament that holds the tooth and the bone tissue around it. This is already irreversible: lost bone cannot be returned, and periodontitis remains the main cause of tooth loss in adults, ahead of caries.

🧾 МКБ-10: K05 🏥 Where it is treated: 6 Bleeding is not normalGingivitis is reversible, periodontitis is notThe main cause of tooth loss

👨‍⚕️ Which doctor

Dentist, periodontist

🔬 Diagnostics

Inspection, probing of pockets, orthopantomogram

💊 Treatment

Professional hygiene, curettage, splinting

📈 Prognosis

Gingivitis is curable; periodontitis - control

⚠️ At risk

Plaque and tartar, smoking, diabetes, heredity

⏱ When to see a doctor

Planned; in case of abscess - urgently

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

Подвижность зубов, изменение их положения, появление щелей
Гнойное отделяемое of десневого кармана
Абсцесс десны с отёком и температурой
Быстрое прогрессирование у молодого человека — агрессивный пародонтит
Оголение корней и повышенная чувствительность
Кровоточивость на фоне приёма антикоагулянтов

Gingivitis and periodontitis: what is the difference

Gingivitis: only the gums are inflamed. It is swollen, red, and bleeds when cleaned. The bone and ligament are not affected. COMPLETELY REVERSIBLE
Periodontitis: inflammation has spread deeper. The ligament and bone are destroyed, gum pockets are formed, the teeth become mobile, and the roots are exposed. Lost bone cannot be restored - you can only stop the process
Periodontal disease is a rare non-inflammatory condition with uniform bone loss without pockets or bleeding; this word is often mistakenly called periodontitis

Практический вывод: кровоточивость дёсен — это стадия, на которой всё ещё полностью излечимо. Именно поэтому её нельзя игнорировать и «переходить на мягкую щётку», чтобы не кровило.

Causes and risk factors

Plaque and tartar are the main cause; stone cannot be removed with a brush
Smoking is one of the main factors: it masks bleeding and sharply worsens the prognosis
Diabetes mellitus: a two-way relationship - diabetes worsens periodontitis, and periodontitis makes it difficult to control sugar
Hereditary predisposition
Hormonal changes: pregnancy, adolescence
Crowding of teeth, overhanging edges of fillings and crowns
Lack of vitamin C, stress, taking certain medications

Treatment

Профессиональная гигиена: ультразвуковое удаление зубного камня над и под десной, полировка.
Обучение гигиене — без этого любое лечение временно.
Закрытый кюретаж: очистка десневых карманов от поддесневых отложений.
Открытый кюретаж и лоскутные операции — при глубоких карманах.
Шинирование подвижных зубов.
Устранение местных факторов: коррекция пломб, коронок, лечение прикуса.
Поддерживающая терапия: профессиональная гигиена каждые 3–4 месяца, а не раз в год.

Ointments, gels and rinses can temporarily reduce bleeding, but do not remove subgingival deposits. Without mechanical cleaning, inflammation returns - this is why “treating gums at home” does not work.

Proper hygiene

Cleaning 2 times a day for 2 minutes; a brush of medium hardness, sweeping movements from the gums to the edge of the tooth
Daily cleaning of the interdental spaces is required: floss, and for wide spaces - brushes. This is where periodontitis begins
An irrigator is a useful addition, but not a replacement for thread and brushes
Do not switch to a soft brush because of bleeding: you need to clean more thoroughly, not less - with good hygiene, bleeding goes away in 1–2 weeks
Tongue cleaning
Smoking cessation is comparable in impact on prognosis to treatment itself

Connection to General Health

Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Worsens diabetes control; gum treatment helps reduce glycated hemoglobin
In pregnant women it is associated with an increased risk of premature birth - sanitation is planned in advance
Is a chronic source of infection, significant before surgery and during immunosuppression

Frequently asked questions: Gingivitis and periodontitis

Is bleeding gums normal?+

No. When properly cleaned, healthy gums do not bleed. Bleeding is the first sign of gingivitis, which is completely reversible at this stage.

Should I switch to a soft brush?+

No, this is a common mistake. The bleeding is caused by the plaque, not the brush. You need to clean more thoroughly, adding thread or brushes, and after 1-2 weeks the bleeding will disappear.

Is it possible to cure periodontitis at home?+

No. Subgingival tartar can only be removed instrumentally by a doctor. Gels and rinses temporarily reduce inflammation, but do not eliminate the cause.

Will the bone recover?+

Lost bone tissue cannot be restored on its own. Treatment is aimed at stopping the process; in some cases, osteoplastic techniques are used.

How often is professional cleaning needed?+

For healthy gums - once every 6 months. For periodontitis - every 3-4 months: this is maintenance therapy, without which the process resumes.

Does smoking have an effect?+

Very much. Smoking masks bleeding, creating a false impression of well-being, and dramatically worsens the prognosis. Refusal of it is comparable in importance to the treatment itself.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.