How to check houses
- Попросите ребёнка раздеться до пояса и встать спиной к вам, ноги вместе.
- Оцените: одинаковая ли высота плеч и лопаток, симметричны ли треугольники талии, не отклоняется ли туловище в сторону.
- Тест с наклоном вперёд (тест Адамса): ребёнок наклоняется вперёд с прямыми ногами и опущенными руками. Смотрите на спину сзади на уровне глаз.
- Если с одной стороны спина выше — есть рёберный горб или мышечный валик. Это главный признак ротации позвонков и повод обратиться к ортопеду.
Degrees and what they mean
- Up to 10 degrees Cobb is not scoliosis, but asymmetry; only observation required
- 10–20 degrees: observation with repeated x-rays every 4–6 months during the growth period, physical therapy
- 20–40 degrees with continued growth: brace therapy
- More than 40–45 degrees: surgical correction is discussed
Not only the angle is important, but also the growth potential: in a child with incomplete growth, scoliosis of 25 degrees can quickly progress, but in a teenager with closed growth zones, the same angle will remain stable. Therefore, the Risser test is assessed - the degree of ossification of the iliac crest.
Treatment
- Observation - at small angles, with mandatory monitoring during the period of active growth
- Specialized physical therapy (techniques aimed specifically at scoliosis) - slows down the progression and improves the result of brace therapy
- A corset is a method with proven effectiveness at angles of 20–40 degrees in a growing child. You need to wear it 18–23 hours a day: effectiveness directly depends on the time of wearing
- Surgery for angles greater than 40–45 degrees: correction and fixation with metal structures
- Swimming and general physical activity are useful, but by themselves they do not correct the curvature.
What to expect
Once growth is completed, scoliosis usually stops progressing, with the exception of severe deformities over 45–50 degrees, which can slowly increase into adulthood.
- Moderate curvatures usually do not cause pain or limit life.
- Severe deformities can affect lung and heart function
- Adults with scoliosis are advised to maintain muscle support and control weight
- Pregnancy with moderate scoliosis proceeds normally
- Regular monitoring by an orthopedist during the growth period is the only way not to miss the progression