How it manifests itself in stages
- 1 степень: боль только после долгой нагрузки, к вечеру; на рентгене минимальные изменения. Именно здесь лечение наиболее эффективно.
- 2 степень: боль при ходьбе и подъёме по лестнице, хруст, утренняя скованность до 30 минут, сустав периодически отекает.
- 3 степень: боль почти постоянная, ограничение сгибания и разгибания, хромота, деформация ноги.
- 4 степень: боль в покое и ночью, выраженная деформация, движение резко ограничено.
Causes and risk factors
- Age is a major factor
- Excess weight: every extra kilogram when walking puts 3-4 kg of stress on the knee
- Previous injuries: meniscal, ligament, intra-articular fractures
- Occupational stress: kneeling, heavy lifting
- Weakness of the thigh muscles is an underestimated factor: the muscles unload the joint
- Heredity, female gender, abnormalities of the leg axis (O- and X-shaped legs)
Survey
- Осмотр ортопеда: оценка объёма движений, стабильности, оси ноги, состояния мышц.
- Рентген коленных суставов ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО в положении стоя — под нагрузкой видна истинная ширина суставной щели.
- МРТ — при подозрении на повреждение мениска и связок, а не для диагностики самого артроза.
- Анализы крови (СОЭ, СРБ, мочевая кислота) — при подозрении на воспалительный артрит или подагру.
What really helps
The methods with the best proven effectiveness are not pills, but changing the load on the joint.
- Weight loss: reducing body weight by 5-10% significantly reduces pain - this is one of the most effective methods
- Physical therapy with strengthening of the quadriceps femoris muscle is a basic method that works for all stages
- Walking, swimming, cycling; avoid running on hard surfaces, jumping, deep squats and heavy lifting
- A cane in the hand OPPOSITE to the sore knee - relieves the joint by a third
- Short course NSAIDs during exacerbation; external forms are preferred
- Intra-articular injections of glucocorticosteroids - quick relief of severe inflammation, but not more than 2-3 times a year
- Hyaluronic acid injections - the effect is moderate and not for everyone, discussed individually
- Orthoses and insoles for violation of the leg axis
When is surgery needed?
- Knee replacement - in grades 3–4 with constant pain, limitation of movement and ineffectiveness of conservative treatment
- Modern dentures last 15–20 years or more; The operation relieves pain and returns the ability to walk
- Corrective osteotomy - in young patients with a violation of the leg axis and damage to one part of the joint
- Arthroscopy - in case of damage to the meniscus with blockades; as a method of treating arthrosis itself, it is ineffective
- After endoprosthetics, rehabilitation is mandatory - the result depends on it no less than on surgery