dr hasan
🏥kliniki*

Whooping cough in children and adults: coughing attacks, diagnosis and protection of the baby - examination in Tashkent

Other names: Коклюш, стодневный кашель, приступообразный кашель с репризами, коклюшная инфекция, кашель после коклюша

Whooping cough is a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, known as the “hundred-day cough”: attacks can actually last two to three months. Parents usually think of it as a childhood disease, against which vaccination in infancy protects, and here lies the main misunderstanding. Immunity after vaccination and even after suffering from whooping cough weakens over time, so schoolchildren, teenagers and adults get sick quite often - only for them it doesn’t look like classic whooping cough, but like a regular lingering cough that “just doesn’t go away.” Such a person goes to work, hugs his nephew, puts his own newborn to bed - and infects him. But for a child in the first months of life, whooping cough is truly dangerous: in infants it occurs with respiratory arrest and remains one of the infections from which children of this age die. Therefore, the point of talking about whooping cough almost always comes down to one thing: to protect the little ones.

🧾 МКБ-10: A37 🏥 Where it is treated: 6 Vaccinated adults also get sickMost dangerous for babiesCough lasts for months
👨‍⚕️ Which doctor
Pediatrician, infectious disease specialist, pulmonologist
🔬 Diagnostics
PCR of nasopharyngeal swab, antibodies to whooping cough
💊 Treatment
Antibiotic in the early stages, care, rest
📈 Prognosis
In children older than one year and adults, favorable
⚠️ At risk
Age up to 6 months, no vaccinations, old vaccination
⏱ When to see a doctor
Infant with coughing spells - see a doctor immediately

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

  • Приступ кашля у ребёнка до 6 месяцев — особенно если он сопровождается остановкой дыхания, посинением или обмяканием
  • Ребёнок перестаёт дышать во сне или во время приступа, даже на несколько секунд
  • Синюшность губ, лица или кончиков пальцев во время или после приступа
  • Учащённое дыхание в покое, втяжение межрёберных промежутков, раздувание крыльев носа
  • Ребёнок не может есть и пить из-за кашля, признаки обезвоживания: сухие губы, редкое мочеиспускание, отсутствие слёз
  • Судороги, необычная вялость, ребёнок не реагирует как обычно
  • Повышение температуры и ухудшение состояния на фоне длящегося кашля — возможна присоединившаяся пневмония
  • Кровоизлияния в белки глаз, кровь в мокроте, потеря сознания на высоте приступа

How it proceeds: three periods

Whooping cough is caused by a bacterium that attaches to the lining of the respiratory tract and releases a toxin. This toxin irritates the cough center, which is why the cough persists long after the microbe itself is no longer in the body. The incubation period is usually 7–14 days, sometimes up to three weeks.

  • First period, 1–2 weeks: normal dry cough, slight runny nose, normal or slightly elevated temperature. The child looks like he has a common cold - and it is at this time that he is most contagious
  • Second period, 2–8 weeks and longer: the cough becomes paroxysmal. A series of coughing jerks in a row, without the ability to inhale, then a whistling noisy inhalation - a reprise
  • During an attack, the face turns red or blue, the eyes water, the veins in the neck swell; the attack ends with the discharge of thick viscous sputum or vomiting
  • Attacks worsen at night and are provoked by crying, laughing, feeding, physical activity, cold air
  • Between attacks the child looks healthy, plays, has no fever - this is a very characteristic combination for whooping cough
  • Third period, weeks and months: attacks become less frequent and milder, but the cough may return with each subsequent cold for several more months
Отсутствие температуры при выраженном кашле нередко успокаивает родителей и врачей: раз жара нет, значит ничего серьёзного. При коклюше всё наоборот — нормальная температура при мучительных приступах кашля является типичным признаком, а не поводом для успокоения.

Why do vaccinated teenagers and adults get sick?

This is a key section for understanding where whooping cough comes from in a family where everyone is vaccinated.

  • Protection after vaccination is not lifelong: it gradually wanes over several years after the last dose
  • Immunity after suffering from whooping cough also does not last forever - you can get sick again
  • In a teenager or adult, the disease usually proceeds without classic recurrences: there is simply a persistent dry cough for weeks, often at night
  • This cough is almost never associated with whooping cough: it is treated as an allergy, bronchitis, laryngitis or the consequences of ARVI
  • The person continues to lead a normal life, go to work and communicate with children
  • In most cases of infection of an infant, the source is within the family: mother, father, older brother or sister, grandmother
  • This is why there is a practice of vaccinating adults surrounding a newborn and vaccinating pregnant women in the third trimester - maternal antibodies are transferred to the child and protect him in the first months until he is vaccinated himself
Прививка не даёт стопроцентной гарантии, что человек не заболеет, но она надёжно меняет тяжесть болезни. Привитый ребёнок переносит коклюш заметно легче, значительно реже попадает в больницу и почти не сталкивается с тяжёлыми осложнениями. Это тот случай, когда «привит, но заболел» вовсе не означает, что прививка не сработала.

Whooping cough in an infant: why it is an emergency

In children in the first months of life, whooping cough looks completely different than in the textbook, and that is why it is easy to miss. An infant may not have classic attacks with recurring episodes at all.

  • Instead of coughing attacks - episodes of respiratory arrest, apnea; the child freezes, turns blue, goes limp
  • The cough is short, but ends in blueness, protruding tongue, and vomiting.
  • The child gets tired when feeding, eats little, and does not gain weight well
  • Pneumonia is often associated - the main cause of severe disease
  • Possible seizures and brain damage due to prolonged lack of oxygen
  • Children under 6 months of age with suspected whooping cough are usually observed in a hospital where breathing can be monitored
  • Until 2-3 months, the child has not yet received the full course of vaccinations and does not have his own protection - he is protected only by the vaccinated environment
Любой приступообразный кашель у ребёнка первых месяцев жизни, а тем более эпизод, когда он посинел или перестал дышать, требует немедленного обращения за медицинской помощью. Ждать до утра, наблюдать несколько дней или пробовать сиропы в этой ситуации нельзя.

How to make a diagnosis

  1. Оценка характера кашля и его длительности: приступы, ночное усиление, рвота после кашля, нормальная температура, хорошее самочувствие между приступами.
  2. Уточнение прививочного анамнеза и сроков последней вакцинации, а также наличия длительно кашляющих в семье.
  3. ПЦР мазка of носоглотки — самый информативный метод в первые 2–3 недели болезни, пока бактерия ещё присутствует.
  4. Бактериологический посев — более специфичен, но требует времени и результативен только в ранние сроки.
  5. Антитела к коклюшу в крови — метод выбора на поздних сроках, когда кашель длится уже месяц и ПЦР неинформативна.
  6. Общий анализ крови — характерно повышение лейкоцитов за счёт лимфоцитов при нормальной СОЭ.
  7. Рентгенография грудной клетки — при подозрении на пневмонию, а не рутинно.
  8. Обследование других членов семьи с длительным кашлем — часто именно так находят источник.
Очень типичная история: ребёнок кашляет полтора месяца, сменил три сиропа и два антибиотика, а диагноз так и не поставлен. Причина в том, что о коклюше вспоминают поздно, когда ПЦР уже может быть отрицательной. Если кашель длится больше двух-трёх недель, анализ на антитела имеет смысл обсудить с врачом.

Treatment and care

Understanding what exactly the treatment affects relieves parents of a lot of unnecessary expectations and disappointments.

  • The antibiotic is prescribed by the doctor; it is effective in the first 1–2 weeks of illness, when the bacterium is still active
  • Started later, the antibiotic hardly shortens the cough, but is still needed: it stops being infectious after about 5 days of use
  • The cough after treatment persists for weeks and months - not because the treatment did not help, but because it is no longer the microbe that is acting, but its trace in the cough center
  • A preventive antibiotic can be prescribed by a doctor to contact persons in a family with an infant.
  • Antitussives, expectorants and inhalations for whooping cough practically do not work - their effectiveness has not been confirmed
  • The following regime helps: cool, moist air, frequent ventilation, calm environment, absence of strong odors and smoke
  • It is better to feed more often and in small portions: after an attack of vomiting, the child should be fed
  • During an attack, the child is picked up, tilted forward, and allowed to cough; the infant is held upright
  • Smoking in the house sharply aggravates the flow - this also applies to smoking on the balcony or on the staircase

Separately, it is worth mentioning the endurance of the parents. Whooping cough exhausts the whole family: nights pass without sleep, attacks are frightening, and the doctor’s promise that the cough will last another month sounds unbearable. This is really long, and this is the normal course of the disease, and not a sign of improper treatment. Intermediate improvements and return of cough with each new cold are also part of the usual scenario.

Prevention: how to protect your baby

  1. Вакцинация ребёнка по национальному календарю в срок — первая доза ставится в первые месяцы жизни, и откладывать её особенно рискованно.
  2. Ревакцинация в дошкольном и школьном возрасте — именно она поддерживает угасающий иммунитет.
  3. Вакцинация беременной в третьем триместре, если она предусмотрена и рекомендована врачом: антитела передаются ребёнку и защищают его до первой прививки.
  4. Вакцинация взрослых, живущих с новорождённым: родителей, старших детей, бабушек и дедушек, няни.
  5. Ограничение контактов новорождённого с людьми, которые кашляют, даже если они уверены, что это «просто остаточный кашель».
  6. Обследование любого члена семьи с кашлем дольше двух недель, если в доме есть грудной ребёнок.
  7. При выявленном коклюше в семье — обращение к врачу для решения вопроса о профилактике у контактных.
Распространённое заблуждение: «взрослым коклюш не страшен, значит и обследоваться незачем». Для самого взрослого он действительно чаще всего лишь изматывающий кашель. Но именно этот безобидный для него кашель является главным источником заражения новорождённых — детей, для которых коклюш смертельно опасен.

Frequently asked questions: Whooping cough

Can a vaccinated child get whooping cough?+
Yes, it can, especially if several years have passed since the last vaccination: the protection gradually weakens. But in a vaccinated person, the disease is noticeably milder and shorter, requires hospitalization much less often and has almost no serious complications. Therefore, “vaccinated, but got sick” does not mean that the vaccination was useless.
How long does a whooping cough cough last?+
The paroxysmal period usually lasts from two to eight weeks, and the cough goes away completely in two to three months, sometimes longer. In addition, the cough may return for several months with each new cold. This is a natural course of the disease, and not a sign that the treatment did not work.
Will an antibiotic clear up a cough?+
If you start it in the first one or two weeks, yes, the course will be shorter and softer. If started later, the antibiotic has almost no effect on the cough, because by that time there is no bacteria in the body, and the cough is maintained by the toxin. However, you still need to take it: after about five days of taking it, a person ceases to be infectious to others.
Do cough syrups and inhalations help?+
For whooping cough, their effectiveness has not been confirmed: neither antitussives, nor expectorants, nor nebulizer inhalations significantly reduce attacks. Cool, moist air, frequent ventilation, a calm environment, fractional feeding and the absence of tobacco smoke in the house really help.
How to protect a newborn if the older child is coughing?+
First of all, examine the coughing person, and not wait. Until the cause is determined, it is worth limiting their contact as much as possible, putting a mask on the coughing person, and not allowing him to pick up the baby and kiss him. If whooping cough is confirmed, the doctor decides on preventive treatment for the newborn and other family members.
Is it true that whooping cough is most dangerous for infants?+
Yes, and there is a fundamental difference here. In children over one year of age and in adults, this is a debilitating but usually harmless cough. In a child's first months of life, whooping cough occurs with respiratory arrests, is often complicated by pneumonia and requires observation in a hospital. It is this group that determines the seriousness of the attitude towards the disease.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.

Where it is treated whooping cough в Ташкенте

Есть простой ориентир: кашель, который длится дольше двух недель, приступами, преимущественно ночью, при нормальной температуре и нормальном самочувствии между приступами — повод не пить очередной сироп, а обследоваться на коклюш. Педиатрия, пульмонология и лабораторная диагностика в Ташкенте:

Tashkent, Mirabad district, st. Oybek, 34d
M Toshkent 🚶 550 m
M Oybek 🚶 850 m
M Kosmonavtlar 🚶 1.3 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 150 m · buses: 22
Tashkent, Yakkasaray district, st. Sh.Rustaveli, 109 A
M Oybek 🚶 2.4 km
M Kosmonavtlar 🚶 2.6 km
M Novza 🚶 2.9 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 70 m · buses: 2, 11, 12, 40, 45, 47
Пн–Sat:08:00–17:30
Open now
Tashkent, Khamza district, M. Ulugbek Ave., 5d
M Mashinasozlar 🚶 1.1 km
M Do'stlik 🚶 1.1 km
M Hamid Olimjon 🚶 1.6 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 50 m · buses: 28
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
Open now
Tashkent, Chilanzar district, st. Foziltepa, 40d
M Olmazor 🚶 3.2 km
M Chilonzor 🚶 3.2 km
M Mirzo Ulug'bek 🚶 3.6 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 320 m · buses: 13, 17T, 33
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
Open now
st. Mirzaeva 50, Yunusabad 17, Yunusabad district, Tashkent Landmark: opposite the Nazar M...
M Turkiston 🚶 1.5 km
M Yunusobod 🚶 2.0 km
M Shahriston 🚶 2.8 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 100 m · buses: 7
Mon–Fri:09:00–18:00
Open now
Tashkent, Yashnobod district, st. Dzharkurgon, 37d
M Quyliq 🚶 1.4 km
M Matonat 🚶 1.6 km
M Yangiobod 🚶 1.7 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 60 m · buses: 15, 26
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
Open now

ICD-10 code

Official international classification codes — these are used in medical records and statistics.

Other diseases: Pediatrics

Book