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Pinworms in a child: itching at night, tests and treatment for the whole family - examination in Tashkent

Other names: Энтеробиоз, острицы, глисты у ребёнка, ночной зуд в области заднего прохода, соскоб на энтеробиоз

Enterobiasis is an infection with small white worms, pinworms, that live in the lower intestines. This is the most common parasitic infection in children around the world, and in kindergarten it is so common that it is simply wrong to treat it as a sign of an untidy family. Infection occurs through hands, toys, bedding and common objects: pinworm eggs are microscopic, very light and can be carried with dust. The main symptom is itching around the anus, which gets worse at night because it is at night that the female comes out to lay her eggs. And here’s what’s important to understand right away: curing one child is almost always not enough. By the time the diagnosis is made, the eggs have already been spread throughout the apartment, and often other family members who have no complaints are also infected. Therefore, treatment of enterobiasis is always an event for the whole family, plus several days of thorough cleaning.

🧾 МКБ-10: B80 🏥 Where it is treated: 8 Itching worsens at nightThe whole family is being treatedCleaning is as important as a pill
👨‍⚕️ Which doctor
Pediatrician, infectious disease specialist, parasitologist
🔬 Diagnostics
Scraping or impression from perianal folds, three times
💊 Treatment
Antiparasitic drug for the whole family, repeat after 2 weeks
📈 Prognosis
Favorable, complete cure
⚠️ At risk
Kindergarten and school, habit of biting nails, large family
⏱ When to see a doctor
Scheduled appeal

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

  • Сильная боль в правом нижнем отделе живота, усиливающаяся при движении, с температурой и рвотой
  • У девочки — обильные выделения, покраснение и отёк наружных половых органов, боль при мочеиспускании
  • Расчёсы вокруг заднего прохода нагноились: покраснение, отёк, гнойное отделяемое, повышение температуры
  • Кровь в стуле, чёрный стул, стойкая боль в животе
  • Заметная потеря веса, выраженная бледность и слабость
  • Ребёнок неделями не высыпается, стал раздражительным, ухудшилось поведение и внимание
  • Ночное недержание мочи, появившееся заново у ребёнка, который уже не мочился в постель
  • Зуд сохраняется несмотря на проведённое лечение и повторный курс

How does infection occur and why is it so easy?

Understanding the life cycle of pinworms explains everything else: why it itches at night, why cleaning is necessary, and why treatment is repeated after two weeks.

  • Adult pinworms live in the lower parts of the small intestine and in the large intestine; The length of the female is about one centimeter, she is white and mobile
  • At night, the female exits through the anus and lays eggs in the folds of skin around it, secreting a substance that causes severe itching.
  • A child scratches an itchy spot in his sleep, and eggs get under his nails and on his fingers.
  • In the morning, eggs are transferred from the hands to the bed, towels, toys, door handles, dishes, and some end up back in the mouth - self-infection occurs
  • The eggs become infectious within a few hours and remain viable in an apartment for up to 2–3 weeks.
  • They are very light, rise with dust when shaking out laundry and settle on surfaces throughout the room.
  • It takes about 2-4 weeks from ingestion of an egg to the appearance of adult pinworms - hence the need to re-take the drug
  • Domestic animals are not infected with pinworms and are not involved in transmission - this is an exclusively human infection
Именно из-за этого цикла энтеробиоз так упорно возвращается: пока проглоченные яйца превращаются во взрослых червей, лекарство, принятое однократно, на них уже не действует. Поэтому препарат принимают повторно через две недели — не потому, что первый раз «не сработал», а потому, что так устроен жизненный цикл паразита.

Symptoms: not just itching

In some children, enterobiasis proceeds without any complaints at all and is detected only during a routine examination before kindergarten, swimming pool or sanatorium. But more often there are still manifestations.

  • Itching around the anus, worse in the evening and at night; it usually subsides during the day
  • Restless sleep, the child tosses and turns, wakes up, cries at night, gets up sleepy in the morning
  • Irritability, moodiness, decreased attention and worsening behavior are a direct consequence of lack of sleep.
  • Scratching, redness and cracking of the skin around the anus, sometimes accompanied by a bacterial infection
  • In girls - irritation, redness and discharge from the genitals: pinworms can crawl into the vagina
  • Periodic abdominal pain, nausea, unstable stool, loss of appetite
  • Grinding of teeth in sleep and drooling are signs that are traditionally attributed to worms, although the connection with them has not been confirmed
  • Sometimes parents themselves see white moving worms in the stool or on the child’s skin at night
  • Resumption of bedwetting in a child who has stopped wetting the bed
Скрежет зубами во сне — самое устойчивое of народных представлений о глистах, и с ним чаще всего приходят к врачу. Однако исследования такой связи не подтверждают: скрежет встречается у множества детей без всяких паразитов и связан скорее с особенностями прикуса, напряжением и фазами сна. Опираться при подозрении на энтеробиоз стоит на ночной зуд, а не на скрежет.

How is the diagnosis confirmed?

  1. Соскоб или отпечаток липкой лентой с кожных складок вокруг заднего прохода — main метод, при котором находят яйца остриц.
  2. Материал берут утром, сразу после пробуждения, до подмывания и до дефекации — это принципиально важно, иначе анализ будет ложноотрицательным.
  3. Исследование повторяют трижды с интервалом в 2–3 дня, поскольку самка выходит наружу не каждую ночь.
  4. Обычный анализ кала на яйца гельминтов для энтеробиоза малоинформативен: острицы откладывают яйца не в кишечнике, а снаружи.
  5. Прямой осмотр области заднего прохода ночью или ранним утром: взрослых остриц иногда удаётся увидеть глазом.
  6. Общий анализ крови — иногда выявляется повышение эозинофилов, но их нормальный уровень энтеробиоз не исключает.
  7. Осмотр детского гинеколога — при жалобах у девочек на выделения и раздражение половых органов.
  8. Обследование остальных членов семьи при подтверждённом диагнозе у ребёнка.
Анализы крови на антитела к гельминтам при энтеробиозе не применяются и денег не стоят: они не подтверждают и не исключают диагноз. Единственный надёжный способ — правильно взятый соскоб, и его достоверность целиком зависит от соблюдения условий: утром, до умывания, трижды.

Treatment: why the whole family

This is a key section and the main reason why enterobiasis is treated unsuccessfully. Medicines against pinworms are effective and well tolerated, and failures are almost always associated not with the medicine, but with the fact that the source of infection remained in the apartment.

  • The antiparasitic drug is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the age and weight of the child.
  • The dose is repeated after 2 weeks - this is a mandatory part of the regimen aimed at worms that grew from eggs swallowed after the first dose
  • Treatment is carried out simultaneously to all family members living together, even if they have no complaints
  • Adults in the family are infected much more often than is commonly thought and usually do not experience any itching
  • For pregnant and lactating women, as well as young children, the doctor selects the regimen separately
  • If the itching is severe, your doctor may recommend remedies to relieve the skin condition.
  • When scratching suppurates, separate skin treatment is required.
  • Folk remedies - garlic, pumpkin seeds, enemas - do not provide a cure and do not replace the drug
  • A control scraping is performed after completion of the full scheme, usually after 2–3 weeks

Separately, it is worth discussing the attitude towards the fact of infection. Enterobiasis is not an indicator of family uncleanliness: children from any home are infected with it, because the source is the children's group, where the eggs are transmitted through shared toys and surfaces. Shame in this situation prevents the main thing - to tell the teacher and parents of other children about it, and without this the chain of repeated infections in the group is not interrupted.

How to break the chain of reinfection

Cleaning and hygiene during enterobiasis are not auxiliary, but are of the same importance as taking the drug. The main efforts are needed in the first days after treatment, when there are a maximum of eggs in the house.

  1. Утром после лечения подмывайте ребёнка с мылом; повторяйте подмывание вечером перед сном — так удаляются свежеотложенные яйца.
  2. Daily меняйте нижнее бельё утром и вечером в первые дни, а постельное бельё — раз в 2–3 дня.
  3. Стирайте бельё при высокой температуре и обязательно проглаживайте утюгом, особенно швы и складки: яйца погибают от нагрева.
  4. Не вытряхивайте бельё в комнате — при встряхивании яйца поднимаются в воздух вместе с пылью и оседают на всех поверхностях.
  5. Коротко стригите ногти всем детям в семье и следите, чтобы ребёнок не грыз их и не брал пальцы в рот.
  6. Мойте руки с мылом после туалета, перед едой и обязательно сразу после пробуждения.
  7. Надевайте ребёнку на ночь плотное нижнее бельё, чтобы затруднить расчёсывание и уменьшить рассеивание яиц.
  8. Проводите влажную уборку с обработкой дверных ручек, выключателей, игрушек, стульчаков; мягкие игрушки стирайте или уберите на несколько недель.
  9. Выделите каждому члену семьи отдельное полотенце и не пользуйтесь общей мочалкой.
  10. Сообщите в детский сад: без одновременной работы в группе повторное заражение почти неизбежно.
Наиболее частая причина возврата остриц — лечение одного ребёнка при том, что остальные члены семьи препарат не принимали, а уборка ограничилась одной стиркой. При правильно выполненной схеме — лекарство всем, повтор через две недели и несколько дней тщательной гигиены — энтеробиоз излечивается полностью.

Complications and prevention

  • Bacterial inflammation of the skin scratching around the anus is the most common complication
  • Inflammation of the external genitalia and vagina in girls, sometimes recurrent until the cause is eliminated
  • Urinary tract infections due to the introduction of microflora
  • Chronic lack of sleep with deterioration in behavior, attention and academic performance
  • Rarely - inflammation of the appendix and involvement of other parts of the intestine
  • Decreased appetite and weight loss over a long period of time
  • Prevention: washing hands after going to the toilet, outside and before eating, short nails, weaning off the habit of biting nails and putting fingers in the mouth
  • Daily change of underwear and regular wet cleaning of the house
  • Preventive courses of drugs “just in case”, without analysis and complaints, are not recommended: drugs have side effects, and senseless use does not protect against infection
More одно распространённое заблуждение — что глистов «выводят» весной и осенью всей семьёй для профилактики. Такой подход не рекомендован: препарат действует только на уже имеющихся паразитов и никак не защищает от заражения на следующий день. Работают не курсы, а мытьё рук, короткие ногти и своевременное обследование при появлении жалоб.

Frequently asked questions: Enterobiasis (pinworms)

Why does itching get worse at night?+
At night, the female pinworm exits through the anus and lays eggs in the folds of the skin, secreting a substance that causes severe itching. During the day, the parasites remain in the intestines, and there are usually no complaints. It is precisely because the females come out at night that scrapings are taken in the morning, before washing.
The scraping is negative, but there is itching. What does it mean?+
Most often, this does not exclude enterobiasis. The female does not come out every night, so a single test is often false negative. The study is repeated three times with an interval of 2-3 days and be sure to take the material in the morning, before washing and before defecation.
Is it necessary to treat the whole family?+
Yes, this is standard practice and the main condition for success. By the time the diagnosis is made, the eggs have already been spread throughout the apartment, and other family members are often infected and do not experience any complaints. Treatment of one child almost inevitably results in re-infection in the coming weeks.
Why take the medicine a second time after two weeks?+
The drug works on adult pinworms, but not on eggs. Within two weeks, new adults grow from eggs swallowed shortly before the first meal. A repeated dose destroys them and is a mandatory part of the regimen, and not a sign that the treatment did not work.
Do garlic, pumpkin seeds and enemas help?+
They do not provide a complete cure. Such remedies may temporarily reduce the number of parasites, but some of them remain and almost always lead to a return of complaints. In addition, delaying normal treatment means that the entire family becomes infected. The drug is prescribed by a doctor.
Can pinworms be transmitted from a cat or dog?+
No. Pinworms are parasitic only in humans, and pets cannot tolerate them. The source is always an infected person, most often a child from the same children's group or from his own family. Therefore, there is no need to part with your pet due to enterobiasis.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.

Where it is treated enterobiasis в Ташкенте

Однократный отрицательный соскоб не исключает энтеробиоз: самка выходит не каждую ночь, поэтому анализ повторяют трижды с интервалом в несколько дней. Педиатрия и лабораторная диагностика в Ташкенте:

st. Mirzaeva 50, Yunusabad 17, Yunusabad district, Tashkent Landmark: opposite the Nazar M...
M Turkiston 🚶 1.5 km
M Yunusobod 🚶 2.0 km
M Shahriston 🚶 2.8 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 100 m · buses: 7
Mon–Fri:09:00–18:00
Closed now
Mukimiy street 144/1, Chilanzar district, Tashkent Landmarks: Novza metro station (former...
M Novza 🚶 400 m
M Mirzo Ulug'bek 🚶 650 m
M Milliy bog' 🚶 1.3 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 170 m · buses: 9Т, 56
Mon–Fri:09:00–18:00
Closed now
Branch No. 3: Birlashgan street, opposite the 4-City Clinical Hospital
M Tuzel 🚶 750 m
M Yashnobod 🚶 800 m
M Texnopark 🚶 1.4 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 200 m · buses: 22
Пн–Sat:07:00–20:00
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Tashkent, Mirabad district, st. Oybek, 34d
M Toshkent 🚶 550 m
M Oybek 🚶 850 m
M Kosmonavtlar 🚶 1.3 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 150 m · buses: 22
Tashkent, Yakkasaray district, st. Sh.Rustaveli, 109 A
M Oybek 🚶 2.4 km
M Kosmonavtlar 🚶 2.6 km
M Novza 🚶 2.9 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 70 m · buses: 2, 11, 12, 40, 45, 47
Пн–Sat:08:00–17:30
Closed now
Tashkent, Khamza district, M. Ulugbek Ave., 5d
M Mashinasozlar 🚶 1.1 km
M Do'stlik 🚶 1.1 km
M Hamid Olimjon 🚶 1.6 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 50 m · buses: 28
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
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Tashkent, Chilanzar district, st. Foziltepa, 40d
M Olmazor 🚶 3.2 km
M Chilonzor 🚶 3.2 km
M Mirzo Ulug'bek 🚶 3.6 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 320 m · buses: 13, 17T, 33
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
Closed now
Tashkent, Yashnobod district, st. Dzharkurgon, 37d
M Quyliq 🚶 1.4 km
M Matonat 🚶 1.6 km
M Yangiobod 🚶 1.7 km
🚌 Nearest bus stop 🚶 60 m · buses: 15, 26
Mon–Fri:09:00–17:00
Closed now

ICD-10 code

Official international classification codes — these are used in medical records and statistics.

Other diseases: Pediatrics

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