What types of polyps are there?
- Hyperplastic - the most common and practically safe, especially small ones in the rectum
- Adenomatous (tubular, tubular-villous, villous) - they are the ones that can degenerate; the risk increases with the size and proportion of the villous component
- Serrated - a separate group that requires careful observation
- Inflammatory (pseudopolyps) - for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases
Why do they appear?
- Age: after 45–50 years, the frequency of findings increases noticeably
- Heredity - colon cancer or polyps in close relatives
- Hereditary polyposis syndromes (familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome)
- Diet high in red and processed meat and low in fiber
- Smoking and alcohol abuse
- Obesity and inactivity
- Diabetes mellitus type 2
- Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases
When to do a colonoscopy
- Allм без факторов риска — начиная с 45–50 лет, далее по результату: при чистой кишке интервал обычно 10 лет.
- При раке или аденомах толстой кишки у родственников первой линии — раньше, обычно с 40 лет или на 10 лет раньше возраста родственника на момент диагноза.
- При любых тревожных симптомах — независимо от возраста.
- После удаления аденом — контрольная колоноскопия через срок, который назначает врач по гистологии: обычно от 1 до 5 лет.
How does the removal work?
Endoscopic polypectomy is performed during colonoscopy: the polyp is captured with a loop and cut off, if necessary with electrocoagulation; flat formations are removed after submucosal administration of the solution. There is no need for an incision on the abdomen.
- Removal of a single polyp with histological examination - 1 category of complexity
- Multiple polyps - category 2, intervention takes longer
- Large and flat formations may require a separate technique or staged removal
- The procedure is usually performed under anesthesia, which makes it comfortable and allows the doctor to work calmly.
The quality of bowel preparation directly determines whether small polyps will be found. Poor preparation is the most common cause of missed lesions and repeat procedures.
After the procedure
- В день исследования возможно вздутие и умеренный дискомфорт — это остаточный воздух.
- При удалении крупных полипов врач ограничивает физическую нагрузку и назначает щадящее питание на несколько дней.
- Гистологический результат обычно готов в течение нескольких рабочих дней и определяет дальнейшую тактику.
- Немедленно обратиться к врачу при обильном кровотечении, сильной боли в животе, температуре.