Obstetrics: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение
61 заболевание · 33 clinics · page 3 of 7
Lactostasis
Lactostasis is stagnation of milk in the breast area of a nursing woman. It occurs when milk is removed from part of the lobules worse than it is produced: due to improper attachment, missed feedings, pressure from tight underwear or excess milk production. The tissue around the ducts swells, painful compaction appears, and sometimes redness. The state of health usually does not suffer much, and if the temperature rises, it does not last long. Without the right measures, stagnation can turn into mastitis and abscess. The main thing is to continue to feed, gently relieve the swelling and do not knead the breast with force. In most cases, lactostasis goes away in 1–2 days.
МКБ-10: O92.7 6 clinics
Listeriosis
Listeriosis is an infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Infection occurs through food: soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, ready-made salads, deli meats, cold smoked fish. The peculiarity of Listeria is that it multiplies even in the refrigerator, so long-stored prepared foods are dangerous. In a healthy adult, the disease most often occurs as mild food poisoning and goes away on its own. Pregnant women, newborns, the elderly and people with reduced immunity are seriously ill: in them listeria can cause meningitis, sepsis, and during pregnancy - miscarriage or infection in the child. That is why when a pregnant woman has a fever, listeriosis is always kept in mind.
МКБ-10: A32 7 clinics
False pregnancy
False pregnancy is a condition in which a woman experiences convincing signs of pregnancy even though she is not. Menstruation stops, breasts become enlarged and painful, nausea and weight gain appear, the stomach grows, and sometimes there is a feeling of movement. The test is negative, and the ultrasound shows the uterus is empty. This is not pretense or fiction: the complaints are completely real and are associated with the complex interaction of the psyche and hormonal regulation. More often, the condition occurs in women with a strong desire to have a child or, conversely, with a pronounced fear of pregnancy. Help requires tact: an objective examination and psychological support are needed at the same time.
МКБ-10: F45.8 8 clinics
Not enough breast milk (hypogalactia)
Hypogalactia is insufficient production of breast milk. It is important to understand: true hypogalactia is rare; more often, a woman only thinks that there is not enough milk. Causes for concern include soft breasts, lack of hot flashes, the baby being restless at the breast, or a small volume when pumping - but none of these signs reflect the actual amount of milk. Lactation works on the principle of supply and demand: the more often and effectively the baby suckles, the more milk is produced. Therefore, the main help is to establish attachment and frequency of feedings. Adequacy is assessed by two objective criteria: weight gain and number of urinations.
МКБ-10: O92.4 7 clinics
Low water
Oligohydramnios is a decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid below the norm for the duration of pregnancy. The waters protect the child from compression, allow him to move, help his lungs develop, and the umbilical cord remain free. In the second half of pregnancy, the main part of the water is formed by fetal urine, so its volume reflects the work of the child’s kidneys and the blood supply to the placenta. Oligohydramnios is detected by ultrasound. The reasons are different: leakage of water, placental insufficiency, post-term pregnancy, fetal kidney defects, certain medications. A slight decrease at the end of the term often requires only observation, and severe early oligohydramnios requires a detailed examination. The tactics are determined by the obstetrician-gynecologist.
МКБ-10: O41.0 7 clinics
Polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid, which is determined by ultrasound by the amniotic fluid index or the depth of the largest pocket. Amniotic fluid is formed mainly by fetal urine and is absorbed when the baby swallows it, so excess usually means an imbalance in this balance. In approximately half of the cases, the cause cannot be found, and polyhydramnios occurs mildly, without affecting the outcome. In other cases, it is caused by diabetes mellitus in the mother, infections, developmental defects or Rh conflict. Therefore, if excess water is detected, additional examination must be carried out.
МКБ-10: O40 7 clinics
Multiple pregnancy
Multiple pregnancy is the carrying of two or more fetuses. It occurs spontaneously or after assisted reproduction programs. Twins can be fraternal, when each child has their own placenta, and identical, when children share one placenta, and sometimes one amniotic sac. It is the type of placentation that determines the tactics of observation: with a common placenta, there are significantly more complications. Multiple pregnancy is often accompanied by anemia, preeclampsia, growth retardation of one of the fetuses and premature birth. This is not a disease, but such a pregnancy requires more frequent visits, regular ultrasounds and a well-thought-out birth plan with your obstetrician-gynecologist.
МКБ-10: O30 7 clinics
Thrush during pregnancy
Thrush during pregnancy is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. These fungi live in small quantities in many healthy women, and during pregnancy they receive an advantage: hormonal levels change, there is more glycogen in the mucous membrane, and local immunity is slightly reduced. As a result, exacerbations occur in a significant proportion of pregnant women, often repeatedly. Thrush manifests itself as itching, burning and thick cheesy discharge. It is usually not dangerous for a child in the uterus, but it needs to be treated: untreated candidiasis causes severe discomfort and can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth.
МКБ-10: O23.5 8 clinics
Edema during pregnancy
Edema during pregnancy is an accumulation of fluid in tissues, most often in the area of the feet and legs. For most women, this is a physiological phenomenon: the volume of circulating blood increases by almost half, the vascular wall becomes more permeable, and the growing uterus makes it difficult for blood to flow from the legs. Such swelling appears in the evening, is symmetrical and disappears overnight. The situation becomes alarming when swelling increases quickly, extends to the face and hands, and is combined with increased blood pressure and protein in the urine: this could be preeclampsia. Therefore, edema is always assessed together with blood pressure and urine analysis.
МКБ-10: O12.0 7 clinics
Post-term pregnancy
A pregnancy is considered post-term if it lasts 42 weeks or more from the first day of the last menstruation. The period from the 41st week is called late full-term: during this period more careful monitoring is already required. You should not expect a birth on a precisely calculated date - it is just a guideline, and most children are born within a few weeks around it. However, after 41 weeks, the placenta gradually copes with its task worse, the risks for the child increase, so doctors discuss induction of labor with the woman. You should not induce labor yourself using traditional methods.
МКБ-10: O48 7 clinics
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🚶 150 m
· buses: 24, 50, 51
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· buses: 20, 27, 35, 46, 53
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🚶 1.2 km
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· buses: 8, 48
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