What does a CT scan of the neck show?
Thin sections show the cartilage of the larynx and its destruction by the tumor, the lumen of the respiratory tract, the deep spaces of the neck where abscesses are hidden, the size and structure of the thyroid gland with distribution behind the sternum, lymph nodes of all groups with an assessment of their structure (important for cancer staging). For tumors and inflammation, the radiologist recommends intravenous contrast, which highlights the tumor and blood vessels. The study complements ultrasound of the neck and laryngoscopy, and is planned before operations by ENT and endocrine surgeons.
Indications
- tumors of the larynx, pharynx, thyroid and salivary glands, neck lymph nodes - staging;
- abscesses and phlegmons of the neck, foreign bodies;
- injuries of the neck and larynx, tracheal stenosis;
- enlarged lymph nodes of the neck of unknown cause;
- any non-standard area (limb, soft tissue, separate segment) as prescribed by a doctor.
What is MSCT
Multislice computed tomography is a layer-by-layer X-ray study in which detectors receive dozens of sections up to 0.5–1 mm thick in one revolution of the tube, and a computer builds a three-dimensional image of the organ. MSCT is performed in 5-15 minutes, accurately shows bones, lungs, stones, hemorrhages, tumors and vessels (with contrast), and is often the method of choice for trauma and acute conditions when MRI is too long or contraindicated.
Preparation and contrast
Non-contrast MSCT does not require preparation. Before a study with intravenous contrast, a test for creatinine (kidney function) and the absence of an allergy to iodine are required; 4–6 hours without eating; When taking metformin, agree on a break with your doctor. Contrast (Unigexol) is administered using an automatic injector; a feeling of warmth for 1–2 minutes is normal. To examine the abdominal and pelvic organs, oral contrast is used, which is drunk 30–60 minutes before the scan. Remove metal objects from the examination area. The radiologist’s conclusion is completed within 1–2 hours, the images are issued on film and disk.
Radiation exposure and safety
Modern devices use low-dose protocols; the dose for one study is comparable to several months of natural background and does not accumulate dangerously when prescribed appropriately. MSCT is not performed on pregnant women (except for vital indications); for children - according to strict indications with a minimum dose. Iodine contrast is contraindicated in severe renal failure, iodine allergy and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Pacemaker and metal implants are not a contraindication, unlike MRI.
