What does it show
CT scan of the lumbar spine visualizes the vertebral bodies, arches and joints, intervertebral foramina, sacrum and sacroiliac joints: fractures, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, arthrosis of the facet joints, canal stenosis, disc herniations with assessment of their density, tumors and metastases, sacroiliitis. After operations with stabilizing structures, CT is the only way to evaluate screw position and fusion. For soft tissue structures (spinal cord, roots, “soft” hernias), MRI is preferable.
Indications
- spinal injury, suspected fracture, compression fracture;
- osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis - assessment of bone structures;
- disc herniation when MRI is not possible;
- tumors and metastases in the vertebrae, osteoporosis with fractures;
- developmental anomalies, surgical planning and control after spinal fusion (metal structures);
- pain in the coccyx after injury (coccydynia).
What is MSCT
Multislice computed tomography is a layer-by-layer X-ray study in which detectors receive dozens of sections up to 0.5–1 mm thick in one revolution of the tube, and a computer builds a three-dimensional image of the organ. MSCT is performed in 5-15 minutes, accurately shows bones, lungs, stones, hemorrhages, tumors and vessels (with contrast), and is often the method of choice for trauma and acute conditions when MRI is too long or contraindicated.
Preparation and contrast
Non-contrast MSCT does not require preparation. Before a study with intravenous contrast, a test for creatinine (kidney function) and the absence of an allergy to iodine are required; 4–6 hours without eating; When taking metformin, agree on a break with your doctor. Contrast (Unigexol) is administered using an automatic injector; a feeling of warmth for 1–2 minutes is normal. To examine the abdominal and pelvic organs, oral contrast is used, which is drunk 30–60 minutes before the scan. Remove metal objects from the examination area. The radiologist’s conclusion is completed within 1–2 hours, the images are issued on film and disk.
Radiation exposure and safety
Modern devices use low-dose protocols; the dose for one study is comparable to several months of natural background and does not accumulate dangerously when prescribed appropriately. MSCT is not performed on pregnant women (except for vital indications); for children - according to strict indications with a minimum dose. Iodine contrast is contraindicated in severe renal failure, iodine allergy and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Pacemaker and metal implants are not a contraindication, unlike MRI.
