Supernumerary teeth: extra teeth in children and adults

Other names: Сверхкомплектные зубы, лишние зубы, гипердонтия, двойной ряд зубов у ребёнка, мезиоденс, дополнительный зуб между передними

Supernumerary teeth, or hyperdontia, is a condition in which there are more teeth than expected: an adult should have no more than thirty-two, a child with a primary dentition should have twenty. An extra tooth can erupt in the dentition, grow behind or in front of it, and often remains in the bone and is detected only in the image. The most common mesiodens is an additional tooth between the upper central incisors, usually small and cone-shaped. Such a tooth itself does not hurt, but it interferes with its neighbors: it delays their eruption, displaces them, causes crowding and resorption of the roots. Therefore, tactics are always determined by x-ray.

🧾 МКБ-10: K00.1 🏥 Where it is treated: 9 More teeth than normalOften hidden in bonesThe solution is by x-ray

👨‍⚕️ Which doctor

Dentist, dental surgeon, orthodontist

🔬 Diagnostics

Inspection, targeted X-ray, panoramic image, in case of difficult location - computed tomography

💊 Treatment

Observation in the absence of interference, tooth extraction, orthodontic treatment after extraction

📈 Prognosis

Favorable with timely detection and treatment

⚠️ At risk

Heredity, cleft lip and palate, certain genetic syndromes

⏱ When to see a doctor

Planned

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

Постоянный зуб не прорезывается дольше полугода после выпадения молочного
Между передними зубами появился большой промежуток
Зуб растёт вторым рядом или вне зубной дуги
Припухлость и боль в области непрорезавшегося зуба
Соседние зубы стали подвижными
Затруднение при откусывании и жевании

What are extra teeth?

Supernumerary teeth are distinguished by shape and location. Most often they are smaller than usual, have a cone-shaped or tuberculate shape and one short root, but sometimes they completely repeat the structure of a normal tooth. Most are located on the upper jaw in the anterior region. The tooth can erupt into the dentition, grow as a second row, turn around and move towards the nasal cavity, or remain inside the bone. It is the position, and not the fact of having an extra tooth, that determines whether intervention is necessary.

Mesiodens - between the upper central incisors
Additional incisors, premolars and molars
Cone-shaped, tuberculate or regular shape
Erupted and remaining in the bone
Single and multiple
Most often on the upper jaw

Reasons

The exact cause has not been established. The most accepted version is the excessive activity of the dental plate - the tissue from which the rudiments of teeth are formed: instead of one rudiment, an additional one is formed. Heredity plays a significant role, so extra teeth often occur in several family members. Multiple supernumerary teeth are more often part of genetic syndromes or accompany cleft lip and palate. Nutrition, hygiene and previous childhood infections are not associated with hyperdontia.

Excessive activity of the dental lamina
Hereditary predisposition
Cleft lip and palate
Selected genetic syndromes with multiple teeth
Not related to nutrition or dental care

What are the dangers and how do they manifest themselves?

A hidden supernumerary tooth mechanically prevents the eruption of permanent incisors: they are delayed, rotated, or erupted outside the arch. A wide gap appears between the front teeth, the bite is disrupted, due to crowding it is more difficult to brush the teeth and caries is more likely to develop. Less often, an extra tooth puts pressure on the roots of neighboring teeth and causes them to resorption, and a cyst can form around an unerupted tooth. Sometimes the tooth does not interfere with anything and remains an accidental finding in the image.

Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Spacing between central incisors
Crowding and rotation of teeth
Increased risk of dental caries due to poor hygiene
Resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth
Formation of a cyst around an unerupted tooth

Diagnostics

An erupted extra tooth is visible upon examination, but its root and relationship to neighboring teeth can only be assessed from a photograph. Therefore, the dentist necessarily prescribes an X-ray examination: a targeted X-ray for a local problem and a panoramic X-ray to see both jaws in their entirety. If the tooth is located deep, turned out or located close to the nasal cavity, a computed tomography is performed - it shows the exact position in three planes and helps to plan the operation. Children with delayed eruption of incisors are sent for imaging without waiting for complaints.

Examination and assessment of the dentition
Sighting dental image
Panoramic photo of both jaws
Computed tomography for complex placement
Assessment of the condition of the roots of adjacent teeth
Orthodontist consultation

Treatment: remove or observe

The solution depends on whether the tooth is in the way. If it delays eruption, displaces adjacent teeth, causes root resorption or a cyst, it is removed. The operation is planned based on the image, often under local anesthesia, in small children and in deep cases - with sedation or anesthesia at the discretion of the doctors. If the tooth does not interfere, is located deep and its removal is more traumatic than observation, the doctor may suggest monitoring with photographs. After extraction, orthodontic treatment is often necessary: retained teeth are moved into the correct position with braces or other devices.

Removal in case of delayed eruption and displacement of teeth
Removal due to cyst or root resorption
Observation with photographs if the tooth does not interfere
Planning for CT Surgery
Orthodontic treatment after extraction
Control examinations before the end of teeth change

Services and prices for this diagnosis

Based on official price lists of Tashkent clinics. The exact cost is determined after examination.

🔬 Diagnostics

Консультация стоматолога Дентальный рентгеновский снимок МСКТ основания черепа и костей лицевого скелетаfrom 300 000

💊 Treatment

Удаление ретинированного зуба Удаление одного зуба средней тяжести

Frequently asked questions: Supernumerary teeth

Is it necessary to remove a supernumerary tooth?+

Not always. If it does not interfere with teething, does not displace neighboring teeth and does not cause complications, the doctor may limit himself to observation with photographs. Extraction is indicated when a tooth is encumbered by permanent teeth, disrupts the bite, or results in a cyst.

At what age is it better to remove?+

The timing is selected individually: they take into account the stage of formation of the roots of adjacent teeth, the location of the extra tooth and the child’s readiness for intervention. Too early removal sometimes injures the rudiments, so the decision is made by the surgeon together with the orthodontist.

Can an adult have an extra tooth?+

A new tooth does not form, but a supernumerary tooth that has been in the bone for years may erupt later or be accidentally discovered on an x-ray prior to implantation or orthodontic treatment. Tactics are determined in the same way using x-rays.

Is hyperdontia inherited?+

There is a hereditary predisposition: extra teeth are often found in relatives. If one of the children is found to have a supernumerary tooth, it makes sense to have the other children examined and photographed if there is a delay in teething.

Will the bite straighten out on its own after removal?+

Sometimes a retained tooth erupts on its own and takes its place, especially in young children. But more often, orthodontic treatment is required to realign the tooth and close the gaps.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.

Where it is treated supernumerary teeth в Ташкенте

Заподозрить лишний зуб можно по задержке прорезывания и скученности, но увидеть скрытый зуб позволяет только снимок. Стоматологические clinics Ташкента:

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