What's behind the diagnosis?
The autonomic nervous system controls what happens without our participation: heart rate, breathing, vascular tone, sweating, intestinal function. With anxiety and chronic stress, it becomes overexcited, and the person begins to experience normal processes as symptoms of illness.
In international practice, the symptoms of “VSD” are most often accompanied by specific diagnoses:
- Panic and anxiety disorder is the most common cause
- Depression accompanied by physical complaints
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Hyperthyroidism, anemia, iron and vitamin B12 deficiency
- Heart rhythm disturbances
- Sleep apnea and chronic sleep deprivation
- Side effects of medications, abuse of caffeine and energy drinks
Typical complaints
- Palpitations, feeling of “interruptions”, tremors in the chest
- Lack of air, need to take a deep breath, lump in throat
- Dizziness, unsteadiness, lightheadedness
- Heat waves or chills, sweating, shaking
- Numbness and tingling in the hands and around the mouth
- Jumps in blood pressure, often due to anxiety
- Constant fatigue, poor exercise tolerance
What kind of examination is really needed?
The point of the examination is to exclude organic causes, and not to “confirm VSD.” A reasonable minimum looks like this:
- Осмотр, измерение давления и пульса, в том числе в положении стоя.
- ЭКГ, при жалобах на перебои — суточное мониторирование.
- Общий анализ крови, ферритин, глюкоза, гормоны щитовидной железы.
- При головокружении — осмотр невролога и оценка вестибулярной функции.
- Оценка тревоги и депрессии по опросникам — этот этап пропускают чаще всего, а он ключевой.
Repeating the same tests multiple times “just in case” with normal results does not help, but increases anxiety and perpetuates the problem.
What really helps
- Regular aerobic exercise - walking, swimming, cycling for 30-40 minutes most days of the week; comparable in effectiveness to medications for mild anxiety
- Normalization of sleep: constant rise time, limiting screens in the evening
- Limit caffeine, energy drinks, nicotine and alcohol
- Breathing techniques: slow breathing with prolonged exhalation interrupts an attack
- Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy is the method with the best evidence for panic attacks
- Drug therapy for severe manifestations - prescribed by a doctor, a course, and not “on demand”
How to help yourself during an attack
- Напомнить себе: это паническая атака, она достигнет пика и пройдёт за несколько минут, она не опасна для жизни.
- Замедлить дыхание: вдох на 4 счёта, выдох на 6–8. Именно удлинённый выдох снижает возбуждение.
- Не убегать of ситуации — избегание закрепляет страх и делает приступы чаще.
- Заземлиться: назвать вслух пять предметов вокруг, четыре звука, три ощущения.
- После приступа записать, что предшествовало — это материал для работы с психотерапевтом.