How it manifests itself
Often - nothing, and this is the hardest thing. The diagnosis often comes as a surprise during a routine ultrasound. Indirect signs do not appear immediately and not for everyone.
- Sudden disappearance of signs of pregnancy: nausea, breast engorgement disappeared
- Spotting and spotting
- Nagging pain in the lower abdomen
- Absence of uterine growth upon examination
- In later stages - cessation of fetal movements
Why is this happening
- Chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo - up to 50–70% of cases in the early stages
- Mother's age over 35 and father's age
- Endocrine disorders: uncompensated diabetes, thyroid pathology
- Antiphospholipid syndrome and hereditary thrombophilias
- Chronic endometritis and pathology of the uterine cavity
- Severe infections with high fever
- Smoking, alcohol, some medications
A single early pregnancy loss is an event that occurs in approximately every sixth to seventh clinically confirmed pregnancy. It does not mean infertility and does not require extensive examination.
How to make a diagnosis
- УЗИ малого таза, предпочтительно трансвагинальное: оценивают наличие эмбриона, его размер и сердцебиение.
- При сомнительной картине — повторное УЗИ через 7–10 дней. Это правило существует именно для того, чтобы не ошибиться при неточно установленном сроке.
- Динамика ХГЧ в крови — вспомогательный метод: при неразвивающейся беременности он перестаёт расти или снижается.
- Оценка состояния женщины: температура, кровопотеря, признаки инфекции.
What do they do next?
There are several options for tactics, and the choice depends on the period, the size of the gestational sac, the presence of bleeding and signs of infection, as well as the woman’s preferences.
- Waiting tactics - the body can complete the process on its own; used for a short period of time, stable condition and under medical supervision
- Medication method - drugs that cause emptying of the uterine cavity
- Therapeutic and diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity - performed on an outpatient basis or in a hospital setting with anesthesia; in this case, the material can be sent for research
- If there are signs of infection or bleeding, intervention is performed immediately
Histological, and in case of repeated losses, genetic study of the material helps to understand the cause and plan further tactics.
Recovery and next pregnancy
- Контрольное УЗИ через 10–14 дней для оценки полости матки.
- Половой покой и отказ от купания в водоёмах на срок, который назовёт врач.
- Менструальный цикл обычно восстанавливается через 4–6 недель.
- Планировать следующую беременность большинство специалистов рекомендуют после 2–3 менструальных циклов — это время не столько для матки, сколько для восстановления и обследования.
- Приём фолиевой кислоты начинают заранее, ещё до зачатия.