Reproductology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение

Infertility is said to occur when pregnancy does not occur within a year of regular sexual activity without contraception, and after 35 years - within six months. This is not a verdict or a diagnosis of one person: in approximately a third of cases the cause is female, in a third male, and in the remaining cases it is combined or unclear. Therefore, the examination of a couple always proceeds in parallel, and it begins, contrary to common practice, with a spermogram of the partner as the simplest step.

Pathospermia is a general name for changes in the spermogram: a decrease in the concentration of sperm, their motility or the proportion of normal forms. Having received a conclusion with incomprehensible terms, a man usually gets scared and starts looking for answers on the Internet. Meanwhile, the first thing you need to know: one bad analysis does not prove anything. Sperm counts fluctuate, and decisions are made on at least two tests at intervals of several weeks.

Synechiae of the uterine cavity are adhesions between its walls that occur after damage to the basal layer of the endometrium. The classic story goes like this: after curettage, a missed pregnancy, or a complicated birth, menstruation becomes scanty or disappears altogether, and pregnancy does not occur. This condition is called Asherman's syndrome, and its peculiarity is that it is almost always the result of medical intervention.

Miscarriage is its spontaneous termination before a certain period. One miscarriage happens quite often and in most cases is associated with an accidental chromosomal breakage in the embryo - this is not the woman’s fault and is not an indicator of her health. Recurrent miscarriage and the need for examination are spoken of in case of repeated losses, and there is already a clear algorithm for searching for the causes.

Anomalies in the development of the uterus are congenital features of its shape that arise due to incomplete fusion or incomplete resorption of the septum between the two rudiments from which the uterus is formed. Many such features do not interfere with living and giving birth, and a woman learns about them by chance. But some forms, primarily uterine septum, significantly increase the risk of miscarriage - and they are the ones that are most amenable to correction.