Cosmetology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение

Photoaging is skin changes caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and not just by the passage of time. The rays damage collagen and elastin fibers, disrupt the functioning of pigment cells and blood vessels, and accumulate mutations in skin cells. As a result, in open areas - the face, neck, décolleté, back of the hands - age spots, spider veins, dryness, rough texture and deep wrinkles appear, which are not present in areas covered by clothing. In hot sunny climates this is especially noticeable. An important aspect of the issue is not only aesthetics: the same ultraviolet damage underlies precancerous changes and skin cancer.

Cellulite, or gynoid lipodystrophy, is a structural feature of the subcutaneous fatty tissue in women, due to which the skin of the thighs and buttocks looks lumpy. In women, the connective tissue partitions between the fat lobules are located vertically, so as the volume of fat increases, the lobules protrude upward, and the partitions pull the skin down - an orange peel texture appears. This is not a disease, not inflammation, or a sign of slagging: most adult women have some manifestations, regardless of weight. It is impossible to completely remove cellulite, but the severity can be reduced. It is important to distinguish it from acute inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, which requires urgent treatment.

Comedones are clogged hair follicles, the earliest form of acne. Sebum and dead cells accumulate inside; if the cork is open outward, its surface darkens from oxidation and pigment - a black dot is obtained. If the follicle is closed, a whitish tubercle forms under the skin, a closed comedon. The reason is not dirt or poor washing: the black color has nothing to do with dirt. The main role is played by increased sebum production, impaired exfoliation at the mouth of the follicle, hormonal fluctuations and heredity. Comedones are not dangerous, but without proper care they turn into inflammatory elements and leave marks, so it is important to act regularly and gently.

Stretch marks, or stretch marks, are not a superficial cosmetic defect or “overstretched skin.” These are real scars that occur in the deep layer of skin, the dermis, when collagen and elastin fibers tear and connective tissue forms in their place. The key thing is worth understanding right away, because literally everything depends on it: fresh red, pink or purple stretch marks and old white ones are different tasks. Fresh ones still have blood supply and active cells, they respond well to treatment and are able to decrease significantly. White is a mature scar without vessels and pigment, and only partial improvement can be achieved from it. Therefore, the promise “the cream will completely remove stretch marks” cannot be fulfilled by any drug from the pharmacy, but treatment started on time in the first months gives a result that is then unattainable.

Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease in which blood vessels dilate persistently and inflammation develops. It all starts with hot flashes: the face turns red from heat, spicy food, alcohol or excitement, and the redness first goes away and then stops. Later, spider veins, papules and pustules appear, because of which rosacea is often mistaken for acne and treated incorrectly. The difference is fundamental: with rosacea there are no comedones, but there is pronounced skin sensitivity, and aggressive acne products only worsen the condition.