Why does the intestine work more slowly?
Progesterone, the level of which is high during pregnancy, relaxes the smooth muscles of not only the uterus, but also the intestines. The waves of peristalsis become less frequent and weaker, the contents remain in the colon longer, more water is absorbed from it, and the stool thickens. From the second half of pregnancy, a mechanical factor joins in: the uterus pushes aside the intestinal loops and makes it difficult to empty them. Iron supplements, which are almost always prescribed for anemia, play a role, as well as a decrease in physical activity and drinking regimen, especially with edema.
- Slowing of peristalsis under the influence of progesterone
- More complete absorption of water from the intestinal contents
- Pressure of the growing uterus on the intestines
- Taking iron and calcium supplements
- Decreased physical activity
- Insufficient water and fiber intake
What is constipation?
Normal stool frequency varies from person to person: from three times a day to three times a week. Constipation is said to occur when the stool is less than three times a week, it is hard, you have to push hard, there is a feeling of incomplete emptying, or you have to help yourself with your hands. Not only is frequency important, but also consistency and effort. During pregnancy, straining is of particular importance: it increases intra-abdominal pressure, provokes hemorrhoids and fissures, and in the later stages causes discomfort in the lower abdomen.
- Bowel movements less than three times a week
- Hard, fragmented stool
- The need to push hard
- Feeling of incomplete emptying
- Bloating and abdominal discomfort
- Pain during bowel movements
Nutrition and drinking regime
The basis of treatment is dietary fiber and water, and they only work together: fiber without sufficient drinking increases bloating. Vegetables, fruits, berries, whole grain bread, cereals, and legumes are added to the diet in tolerable quantities. Prunes and dried apricots, kefir and other fermented milk products help well. Drink water evenly throughout the day; in case of edema, the volume should be agreed upon with the doctor, but drinking should not be sharply limited. Strong tea, cocoa, rice and semolina, on the contrary, tend to strengthen the stool.
- Vegetables, fruits, berries, whole grains
- Prunes, dried apricots, figs
- Fermented milk products
- Drink water evenly throughout the day
- Limiting strong tea and excess rice
- Gradually increase fiber to avoid bloating
Movement and habits
Regular moderate activity significantly improves bowel function. Daily walking at a comfortable pace, swimming, and gymnastics for pregnant women is enough if there are no contraindications. The routine is also important: it is worth setting aside a quiet time to go to the toilet, preferably in the morning after breakfast, when intestinal activity is higher. The urge cannot be ignored or put off. When defecating, it is useful to place your feet on a low stool - this changes the angle of the rectum and makes it easier to empty without straining.
- Daily walking and vigorous activity
- Gymnastics for pregnant women with doctor's permission
- Toilet at the same time, preferably after breakfast
- Do not tolerate and do not delay the urge
- Footrest during bowel movements
- Avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet
What means are allowed
If nutrition and regimen are not enough, the doctor selects a laxative. The safest during pregnancy are bulk products based on dietary fiber and osmotic preparations, which retain water in the intestinal lumen and act gently. Stimulant laxatives, especially those based on senna and other anthraquinones, are not recommended during pregnancy: they can cause cramps and increase uterine tone. Castor oil and saline laxatives are prohibited. Microclysters and glycerin suppositories are used occasionally, in consultation with the doctor.
- Volume products based on dietary fiber
- Osmotic laxatives as prescribed by a doctor
- Limiting stimulant laxatives
- Quitting castor oil and senna
- Microclysters and suppositories - occasionally
- When taking iron, discuss changing the form of the drug
