Proctology: diseases — симптомы, диагностика и лечение

The epithelial coccygeal duct, or pilonidal cyst, is a narrow canal under the skin in the intergluteal fold above the coccyx, opening on the skin with one or more pinholes. Hair and skin particles get into the process, which over time causes chronic inflammation and suppuration. The disease is more common in young men with significant hair growth, excess weight and sedentary work. As long as the tract is not inflamed, it may not manifest itself in any way. When suppuration occurs, painful swelling, redness and purulent discharge occur. Treatment is surgical: antibiotics and ointments only temporarily relieve inflammation, but do not eliminate the course itself.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, in which erosions and ulcers form on the mucous membrane. Inflammation always begins in the rectum and can spread higher, involving part or all of the colon. The main signs are frequent loose stools with blood and mucus, false urges and abdominal pain. The disease occurs with exacerbations and remissions. If left untreated, severe, life-threatening attacks can occur, and long-term inflammation increases the risk of colon cancer. With timely initiation of therapy and regular monitoring, most patients live in stable remission.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder in which there is abdominal pain and bowel movements, but no structural changes are found on examination. Patients often hear “you’re fine” and are left alone with symptoms that seriously limit their lives. Meanwhile, IBS is a real diagnosis with an understandable mechanism: the interaction between the intestines and the brain is disrupted, the sensitivity of the intestinal wall is increased, and motility is altered. And, importantly, it responds well to treatment - it’s just that this treatment is different from the usual one.