Hemorrhoids: stages, treatment and surgery in Tashkent

Other names: Геморроидальные узлы, внутренний геморрой, наружный геморрой, тромбоз геморроидального узла

Hemorrhoids are the enlargement and prolapse of hemorrhoids, cavernous vascular formations that every person normally has and are involved in retaining the contents of the intestine. They become a problem when, due to increased pressure and stagnation, they increase in size, begin to bleed and fall out. This is one of the most common diseases that people are embarrassed to talk about, and that is why people have been treating themselves for years. Meanwhile, the main danger is not in hemorrhoids itself, but in the fact that other diseases, including rectal cancer, are manifested by blood during bowel movements.

🧾 МКБ-10: K64 🏥 Where it is treated: 8 Blood is a reason to get examinedStage decide methodStool is more important than ointments

👨‍⚕️ Which doctor

Proctologist

🔬 Diagnostics

Examination, anoscopy, colonoscopy according to indications

💊 Treatment

Normalization of stool, minimally invasive methods, surgery

📈 Prognosis

Favorable

⚠️ At risk

Constipation, sedentary work, pregnancy, heaviness

⏱ When to see a doctor

If there is heavy bleeding - urgently

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

Обильное кровотечение, слабость, бледность, головокружение
Кровь тёмная, смешана с калом или со слизью
Изменение формы стула, чередование запора и поноса
Похудение, снижение гемоглобина
Резкая боль с плотным синюшным узлом — тромбоз
Возраст старше 45 лет с впервые появившейся кровью

Stages and symptoms

Scarlet blood on toilet paper, on top of stool or in drops at the end of a bowel movement
Sensation of a foreign body and incomplete emptying
Itching and wetness in the anus
Pain is characteristic not of the hemorrhoid itself, but of thrombosis of the node or accompanying fissure

1 стадия: кровь при дефекации, узлы не выпадают. Лечится консервативно.
2 стадия: узлы выпадают при натуживании и вправляются самостоятельно.
3 стадия: узлы выпадают и требуют ручного вправления.
4 стадия: узлы выпадают постоянно и не вправляются.

Важный момент: кровь при дефекации нельзя автоматически списывать на геморрой. Так же проявляются анальная трещина, полипы, воспалительные заболевания кишечника и рак прямой кишки. После 45 лет впервые появившаяся кровь — показание к колоноскопии.

Reasons

Chronic constipation and straining is a major factor
Sedentary work and inactivity
Pregnancy and childbirth
Lifting weights, strength training with straining
Overweight
Hereditary weakness of the vascular wall
The habit of sitting on the toilet for a long time with the phone

What actually cures

The basis of treatment at any stage is normalization of stool. Without this, ointments and suppositories provide only temporary relief, and the nodes continue to be injured.

Fiber 25–30 g per day: vegetables, fruits, bran, psyllium
Drinking enough water - without it, fiber increases constipation
Regular physical activity, avoiding prolonged sitting
Do not push or sit on the toilet for more than 3–5 minutes
Footrest in the toilet - changes the angle of the rectum and facilitates emptying
Washing with cool water instead of hard paper
Venotonics in courses for exacerbations, local remedies for relieving pain and inflammation

Minimally invasive methods and surgery

Latex ligation - a ring is thrown around the knot, it dies and falls off; method of choice for stages 2–3, outpatient
Sclerotherapy - injection of the drug into the node; at stages 1–2
Infrared photocoagulation - for stages 1–2 and small nodes
Desarterization under Doppler control - ligation of the feeding arteries
Hemorrhoidectomy - classic removal of nodes at stages 3–4; the most radical method
Thrombectomy or excision of a thrombosed node - for acute thrombosis in the first 72 hours

При остром тромбозе наружного узла обращаться нужно в первые 2–3 дня: тогда возможно быстрое удаление тромба с немедленным облегчением. Позже воспаление стихает само, и вмешательство уже не требуется.

Hemorrhoids during pregnancy

Develops very often due to uterine pressure and constipation
The basis is the normalization of stool using means safe for pregnant women.
Local medications are used only as prescribed by a doctor
Radical treatment is usually postponed until the postpartum period - some of the nodes shrink on their own
Walking and Kegel exercises improve blood flow from the pelvis

Frequently asked questions: Hemorrhoids

Is blood during defecation really hemorrhoids?+

Not necessarily. Anal fissure, polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases and rectal cancer also occur. After 45 years, the first appearance of blood is an indication for colonoscopy.

Can hemorrhoids be cured with ointments?+

Ointments and suppositories relieve inflammation and pain, but do not remove enlarged nodes. The basis of treatment is normalization of stool; at stages 2–4, minimally invasive methods or surgery are required.

Is it necessary to operate?+

No. At stages 1-2, normalization of stool and minimally invasive methods - ligation, sclerotherapy - are usually sufficient. Surgery is needed for stages 3–4.

What to do in case of acute node thrombosis?+

Contact a proctologist in the first 2-3 days: then it is possible to remove the blood clot with immediate relief. At home - rest, cold, painkillers, no heat or hot baths.

Is it possible to play sports?+

Yes, walking, swimming, cycling are useful. Lifting heavy weights with straining should be limited - this is what sharply increases the pressure in the veins of the small pelvis.

Will hemorrhoids go away after childbirth?+

Often the nodes decrease significantly in the first months after childbirth. Therefore, radical treatment is usually postponed, limited to normalization of stool and safe local remedies.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.