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Substance abuse in adolescents: signs of volatile substance inhalation and help

Other names: Токсикомания, вдыхание клея, нюхает бензин, летучие растворители, ингалянты, злоупотребление бытовой химией, подросток нюхает газ

Substance abuse is the abuse of volatile household chemicals: glue, solvents, gasoline, the contents of gas cans and aerosols. Vapors quickly pass from the lungs into the blood and brain, causing a short-term state of intoxication with euphoria, dizziness and distorted perception. Teenagers suffer more often because the substances are accessible and cheap. The danger is that it is impossible to predict the body's reaction: death from cardiac arrhythmia or suffocation can occur even with the first episode. With regular inhalation, the brain, liver, kidneys and bone marrow are irreversibly damaged, and intelligence is reduced. The sooner the family and specialists get involved, the higher the chance of stopping the process.

🧾 МКБ-10: F18 🏥 Where it is treated: 7 More often in teenagersRisk of death the first timeDamages the brain and liver
👨‍⚕️ Which doctor
Narcologist, psychiatrist, neurologist, child psychologist
🔬 Diagnostics
Examination, blood tests and liver enzymes, ECG, MRI of the brain
💊 Treatment
Stopping contact with the substance, treating complications, psychotherapy and working with the family
📈 Prognosis
Depends on length of service: early changes are reversible, late ones are not
⚠️ At risk
Adolescence, peer group, family dysfunction, availability of substances
⏱ When to see a doctor
Emergency for loss of consciousness and breathing problems

🚨 See a doctor urgently

With these signs do not wait for a scheduled appointment — the condition requires emergency care.

  • Потеря сознания, судороги, нарушение дыхания после вдыхания — немедленно звоните 103
  • Нарушение сердечного ритма, резкая бледность, холодный пот
  • Ожоги и сыпь вокруг рта и носа, следы краски на лице и руках
  • Устойчивый запах растворителя от одежды и волос
  • Резкое падение успеваемости, агрессия, уход of дома
  • Желтушность кожи, тёмная моча, отёки

What happens when you inhale

Volatile hydrocarbons dissolve in fats, and nerve tissue is rich in them, so the substance reaches the brain almost instantly. The first minutes are accompanied by excitement, laughter, and a feeling of lightness, then lethargy, loss of coordination, slurred speech, and sometimes hallucinations set in. The effect does not last long, so inhalation is often repeated many times, increasing the concentration of vapors. It is at these moments that the main risk arises: the heart becomes sensitive to adrenaline, and any physical activity or fear can cause a fatal rhythm disorder.

  • The substance quickly enters the brain through the lungs
  • Brief intoxication with euphoria
  • Lethargy, unsteadiness, slurred speech
  • Repeated inhalation increases the toxic effect
  • Risk of sudden cardiac arrest
  • Choking when using a bag on the head

Signs that parents should be wary of

Parents usually notice not the fact of use itself, but its traces. The chemical smell from clothes, hair and breath, empty cans, glue tubes, soaked rags or bags found at home are alarming. The appearance changes: irritation and rash around the mouth and nose, redness of the eyes, pallor. Behavior also changes: the teenager becomes secretive, irritable, skips school, loses interest in previous activities, and a new company appears. Memory and attention often deteriorate, and speech becomes slow.

  • Chemical smell from clothes and hair
  • Empty cans, tubes, soaked rags
  • Rash and irritation around the mouth and nose
  • Eye redness, pallor, headaches
  • Secretiveness, irritability, absenteeism
  • Deterioration in memory and academic performance

Health implications

Regular inhalation destroys the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, causing coordination, memory, thinking and mood to suffer; With a long period of experience, the changes become irreversible and lead to a persistent decrease in intelligence. The toxic effect affects the liver and kidneys, causes bone marrow depression and anemia, and affects hearing and vision. A separate and most dangerous threat is sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias, which is possible at any time, regardless of length of use and dose.

  • Persistent decline in memory and intelligence
  • Cerebellar damage: unsteadiness and tremors
  • Toxic hepatitis and kidney damage
  • Anemia and suppression of hematopoiesis
  • Decreased hearing and vision
  • Sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia

Survey

There is no specific analysis for most volatile substances in a regular laboratory, so the diagnosis is made by examination, conversation and data from loved ones. The purpose of the survey is to assess the damage caused. They check liver enzymes, kidney function indicators, a general blood test to detect anemia and suppression of hematopoiesis, and do an ECG. If coordination, memory and behavior are impaired, an examination by a neurologist and an MRI of the brain are prescribed. An assessment of mental status, including mood and risk of self-harm, is required.

  • Examination by a narcologist and conversation with the family
  • General blood test
  • Liver enzymes and kidney function tests
  • ECG
  • Neurologist consultation
  • MRI of the brain for persistent disorders

Treatment and prevention

The first condition is complete cessation of contact with the substance and a safe environment. In case of acute poisoning, care is provided in the hospital: oxygen, heart rate control, breathing support. Then they treat the consequences - liver damage, anemia, neurological disorders. The key part of the work is psychological: individual and family psychotherapy, restoration of studies, changing social circles, employment and sports. It is important for parents to avoid two extremes: silence and harsh punishment. A conversation without accusations and timely contact with a specialist works better than threats.

  • Complete cessation of contact with the substance
  • Emergency care for poisoning
  • Treatment of liver, blood, nervous system lesions
  • Individual and family psychotherapy
  • Change of environment, return to study and sports
  • Controlling the storage of household chemicals at home

Services and prices for this diagnosis

Based on official price lists of Tashkent clinics. The exact cost is determined after examination.

Frequently asked questions: Substance abuse (inhalation of volatile substances)

Can you die from one inhalation episode?+
Yes. Volatile substances increase the sensitivity of the heart to adrenaline, and fatal rhythm disturbances are possible even with the first use. An additional risk is suffocation if inhalation occurs with the bag on the head.
How can you tell if a teenager is sniffing glue or gasoline?+
Pay attention to chemical smells from clothing and hair, irritation around the mouth and nose, red eyes, found spray cans and soaked rags, as well as sudden changes in behavior, absenteeism, and new company.
Are changes in the brain reversible?+
Partially. With a short period of time after complete cessation of use, memory, attention and coordination improve over time. With long-term use, decreased intelligence and unsteady gait remain for life.
Do routine tests show evidence of use?+
As a rule, no: standard drug tests do not detect volatile solvents, and the substances themselves are quickly eliminated. The diagnosis is based on examination, characteristic signs and stories from loved ones.
What should parents do first?+
Do not interrogate or threaten. Calmly talk about your observations and concerns, remove available household chemicals from the house and contact a narcologist and psychologist as soon as possible together with the teenager.

The information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a doctor consultation. Only a qualified specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment after an in-person examination.

Where it is treated substance abuse в Ташкенте

Разбираться лучше вместе со специалистами: нужны оценка неврологического статуса, состояния печени и почек и работа с психологом. Clinics Ташкента, где помогут:

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ICD-10 code

Official international classification codes — these are used in medical records and statistics.

Other diseases: Narcology

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