Urologist Nuraliev Telman Yuldashbaevich will introduce you to an article on the topic “Salts in the kidneys.”
Urologist Nuraliev Telman Yuldashbaevich will introduce you to an article on the topic “Salts in the kidneys.”
Often our ultrasound doctors detect “Salts in the kidneys”. What are “kidney salts”? “Salts in the kidneys”, or prelithiasis, preurolithiasis, is an acalculous stage of urolithiasis and is established in the presence of salt conglomerates in the renal cavity system during ultrasound examination and the presence of crystals in the urine sediment. Salts in the kidneys are quite common among people, and they do not pay attention to this problem. But this is a really serious problem, since salts in the kidneys, accumulating, can transform into stones, thereby causing damage to the kidneys and other organs of the urinary system. Therefore, timely diagnosis and removal of salts from the urinary system prevents the development of urolithiasis, its relapses and complications.
Brief information about urolithiasis
The causes of urolithiasis can be metabolic disorders, injuries, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and dehydration. Very often these diseases can occur latently. Patients have been complaining of back pain for a long time and undergo unsuccessful treatment from a therapist and a neurologist. The disease occurs in people of all ages, including children and the elderly.
So why do stones begin to form?
The main mechanism of the disease is metabolic disorder, which leads to the formation of insoluble salts and the formation of stones. According to their chemical structure, different stones are distinguished - urates, phosphates, oxalates, cystine, infectious and mixed. However, even if you have a hereditary predisposition to urolithiasis, it will not develop unless there are predisposing factors, such as:
* Climate. In a hot climate, a person sweats much more than a person in the middle zone. Due to a lack of fluid, the concentration of certain salts in the body increases, and favorable conditions arise for the formation of stones.
* The composition of drinking water (hard water with a high content of calcium salts contributes to the appearance of urolithiasis), spicy and acidic foods that increase the acidity of urine. This makes stones easier to form.
* Constant lack of vitamins and ultraviolet rays.
* Injuries and bone diseases - osteomyelitis, osteoporosis.
* Chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines - chronic gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer.
* Various diseases of the kidneys and organs of the genitourinary system - congenital and acquired anomalies that disrupt the outflow of urine, pyelonephritis, prostate adenoma, etc.
Stones can form in any part of the urinary system. The most important are kidney, ureter and bladder stones.
How do kidney stones appear?
The disease is manifested by pain in the lower back, the appearance of blood in the urine. Spontaneous passage of stones in the urine is possible. The pain is dull and aching in nature, but can be acute. Most often the pain occurs on one side. If there are stones in both kidneys, then pain will occur simultaneously or alternately on both sides. The pain is associated with movement and changes in body position. Blood in the urine usually appears after severe pain or physical activity, walking. A severe attack of pain can also cause stones to pass.
How do ureteral stones appear?
Shifting from the kidney, the stone enters the ureter. The pain then moves from the lower back to the groin, lower abdomen, genitals, and thigh. If the stone is located in the lower part of the ureter, the patient experiences frequent, unreasonable urge to urinate. When a stone completely blocks the lumen of the ureter, urine accumulates in the kidney, which causes an attack of renal colic. Acute cramping pain occurs in the lower back, which quickly spreads to the corresponding half of the abdomen. The pain may last for several hours or even days, periodically subsiding and returning. The patient behaves restlessly and cannot find a comfortable position. The attack ends when the stone changes its position or leaves the ureter. If after an attack of colic the stone does not pass away, then the attack may recur. Usually, after the attack ends, blood appears in the urine.
How do bladder stones appear?
The main manifestation is pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the perineum and genitals. Pain occurs when moving or urinating. Another manifestation of bladder stones is increased urination. Sharp, causeless urges appear when walking, shaking, or physical activity. Maybe they will noteThere is a so-called “plugging” symptom: the stream of urine during urination suddenly stops, although the patient feels that the bladder is not completely emptied. Urination resumes only after changing body position.
What happens if you don't get treatment?
Kidney and ureteral stones will eventually lead to the development of acute or chronic pyelonephritis. Prolonged presence of a stone in the ureter can impair the function of the kidney up to the complete cessation of its function. If left untreated, purulent melting of the kidney may occur, and it will have to be removed. Bladder stones can provoke the development of acute cystitis with severe manifestations. If a stone enters the ureter from both sides, the kidneys will stop excreting urine, and acute renal failure develops, i.e. anuria. This condition requires emergency surgery.
How is urolithiasis treated?
Treatment can be conservative and surgical.
Conservative treatment is carried out when the stone size is small and there are no complications of the disease. It includes a proper diet and some medications.
The diet depends on the type of urolithiasis (composition of stones). When urates are formed, by-products are excluded from food - brains, kidneys, liver, etc. With phosphate stones: milk and dairy products are excluded from food; meat, lard, flour dishes, vegetable fats are shown; Vegetables and fruits are limited. For oxalate stones: exclude lettuce, spinach; limited to potatoes and milk.
There are medications that can dissolve some types of stones, such as urates. The action of these drugs is very specific and not always effective, so they must be taken strictly as prescribed by the urologist.
During an attack of renal colic, you need to take a warm bath or put a heating pad on your lower back and take an antispasmodic and analgesic (no-spa, baralgin, analgin).
If the stone bothers you very much, the pain does not stop, even if it is large in size, it is removed surgically. In such cases, extracorporeal lithotripsy (crushing) is often used. Unfortunately, not all stones can always be crushed in this way. In such cases, endoscopic stone removal is used.
If your stone has passed or been surgically removed, be sure to do an analysis of the mineral composition of the stone for subsequent diet and prevention of recurrent stone formation.
Prevention of urolithiasis
As already mentioned, the main reason for the development of the disease is metabolic disorders. Therefore, if your relatives suffer from this disease, you better be attentive to yourself and follow the recommendations below.
* Refuse: broths, chocolate, coffee, cocoa, spicy, fatty and fried foods.
* Limit the total amount of food (do not overeat), table salt.
* Drink a lot of water, at least 1.5 liters per day. In summer you should drink so much that you never feel thirsty. But at the same time, if you have passed stones before, you need to ensure that the daily volume of urine is at least 2.0 liters. Accordingly, you should take more than 2.0 liters of water.
* Regularly take diuretic infusions or decoctions of various herbs.
* Do not get too cold, always keep your lower back warm.
* If you experience discomfort in the lumbar region, immediately contact a urologist.
Be healthy and take care of your loved ones!
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