15.11.2017 · 👁 3,881
What is prostatitis?
The prostate is a glandular organ that covers the urethra and, partially, the seminal ducts. The prostate performs a number of functions that play an important role in the male body. The most common cause of disruption of this organ is prostatitis. Pathologies of the prostate gland also include tumor diseases.
Features of the structure of the prostate, functions performed
What is the prostate gland? What are the features of the anatomical structure and functions of the organ? The prostate is a purely male organ. It has the shape of an inverted trapezoid. As mentioned above, it covers the urethra and seminal ducts.
The prostate gland consists of two lobes, which are connected by an isthmus. The age factor provokes thickening of the isthmus, which contributes to compression of the canal. This leads to stagnation of urine and provokes inflammation of the bladder and kidneys.
The glandular organ performs the following functions:
1. Secretory. Ensures the production of testosterone, stimulates secretions that are involved in the process of fertilization of the egg.
2. Motor. The smooth muscle fibers of the organ are a sphincter that holds urine in the bladder.
3. Barrier. Prevents the spread of infection from the urethra up the urinary tract.
The prostate produces hormones, ensures normal urination, and holds urine in the bladder when necessary. The adequacy of the prostate is an important aspect of men's health.
Malignant tumor formations
Malignant prostate pathology is the most common disease affecting men over fifty to sixty years of age.
The causes of prostate cancer are heredity, progressive adenoma (benign tumor).
Symptoms and main manifestations of cancer can be divided into three groups:
1. Impaired outflow of urine. Urination is frequent, in small portions. Nocturnal urination predominates. The urge to urinate is pronounced.
2. Symptoms as a result of tumor growth. The appearance of blood in seminal fluid and urine. Erectile dysfunction. Palpable pain localized in the groin, perineum, and lower back.
3. Symptoms as a result of metastases. Pain in the bones, swelling of the limbs, enlarged lymph nodes, sudden weight loss. Anemia develops as a result of a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Cancerous exhaustion, so-called cachexia, is also observed.
Diagnosis of cancer tumors and their treatment are mandatory steps on the path to recovery. Research methods such as prostate biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scanning help establish an accurate diagnosis, characteristics, and location of the cancer tumor.
Prostate cancer is treated with surgery and minimally invasive interventions. Surgical means radical removal of the prostate while preserving erectile and urinary functions. An example of a minimally invasive intervention is targeted exposure to high-intensity ultrasound waves. Extreme temperature increases lead to the destruction of cancer cells. Radiation therapy is also carried out, targeting the tumor and lymph nodes.
Adenoma
Hyperplasia (excessive growth) of the prostate is an age-related pathology. Every second man over sixty years of age is susceptible to the disease. The essence of the pathology is the benign growth of prostate tissue, followed by blockage of the urethra.
The main reason for the development of adenoma is hormonal changes. Disruption of metabolic processes, an increase in the level of female hormones against the background of a decrease in male hormones leads to the formation of nodules, which over time increase to a significant size.
Clinical manifestations are based on the main problem of adenoma - urinary disturbances. The main manifestations include:
1. Difficulties associated with urination lead to the formation of residual urine. This contributes to the development of purulent-inflammatory processes, the accumulation of salts, with the subsequent formation of stones.
2. Acute urinary retention. Promotes the development of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.
Pain localized in the lumbar region, soreness accompanying the process of urination, small portions of urine are the main symptoms of adenoma.
Diagnostics includes: medical history, digital examination, gland biopsy, ultrasound examination, tumor marker (allowing to differentiate a benign tumor).
The optimal treatment option is surgery. Today, such operations as transurethral resection of prostate adenoma (TUR), holmium laser enucleation of prostate adenoma (HOLEP) are carried out.
Acute prostatitis
Modern medicine distinguishes such types of prostatitis in men as acute and chronic. The immediate cause of acute prostatitis is bacterial microflora. Getting from the source of infection to the prostate, bacteria contribute to the occurrence of the inflammatory process. Predisposing factors significantly accelerate the process: hormonal disorders, congestion in the pelvic organs.
Medical classification distinguishes three forms of prostatitis:
• catarrhal. There is inflammation of individual prostate ducts;
• follicular. Spread of the pathological process to the lobes of the prostate gland;
• parenchymal. Lack of treatment in the initial, mild stages leads to the spread of inflammation to both lobes of the glandular organ and the involvement of connective tissue. Abscess is the most severe form.
Symptoms of prostate inflammation are varied. There are local and general. Local symptoms include pain in the anal area, genitals, and perineum. The main symptom is impaired urination (frequent, small portions). General symptoms include a slight increase in temperature (rarely up to forty degrees), weakness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, dizziness.
Diagnosis of acute prostatitis includes medical history, rectal digital examination (palpation), laboratory tests (blood, urine).
Based on the results of the diagnosis, comprehensive treatment is prescribed, including drug therapy (antibiotics are required), adherence to a strict diet, cessation of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
Chronic prostatitis
The medical classification distinguishes acute and chronic types of prostatitis and the main difference between them is the presence or absence of an inflammatory core.
In chronic prostatitis, there is no focus, however, the following symptoms appear:
• pain in the groin area;
• disturbance of urination (small portions of urine). Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• subsidence of sexual desire. Increased risk of developing impotence;
• aggressiveness, short temper, loss of strength, depression.
Congestive prostatitis occurs for two reasons. The first is stagnation of venous blood. The second is stagnation of the secret. Varicose veins, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol can provoke blood stagnation. Prolonged arousal, abstinence from sexual relations are the reasons that provoke stagnation of secretions.
Diagnostic measures, as well as for acute prostatitis, include anamnesis, palpation examination, urine and blood tests. Therapeutic measures other than bacterial inflammation of the prostate do not involve the use of antibiotics. Painful sensations and the inflammatory process are controlled with the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The basis of treatment is massage and physiotherapy procedures.
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